Rick Beato: Greatest Guitarists of All Time, History & Future of Music | Lex Fridman Podcast #492

The following is a conversation with Rick Beato, legendary music educator, interviewer, producer, songwriter, and a true multi-instrument musician playing guitar, bass, cello, and piano. Rick, with his incredible YouTube channel, celebrates great musicians

piano. Rick, with his incredible YouTube channel, celebrates great musicians and musical ideas and helps millions of people, including me, fall in love with great music all over again. This is the Lex Friedman Podcast. To

support it, please check out our sponsors in the description, where you can also find links to contact me, ask questions, give feedback, and so on. And now, dear friends, here's Rick Beato. You had, I think, an incredibly fun and diverse beginning to your music journey. I heard somewhere that one of the things that

made you fall in love with music was listening to guitar solos, some epic guitar solos. What's an early guitar solo that you remember you

solos. What's an early guitar solo that you remember you connected to spiritually, musically, where you're like, wow, there's magic in this?

Well, the first solo that I learned was Hey Joe. It was actually a good beginner song, you know, when I first started playing the guitar, because it has pretty simple chords, right? So it's like E, C, G, D, A. And I learned the solo... And I figured out this, like, I was saying, it's this pentatonic scale,

the solo... And I figured out this, like, I was saying, it's this pentatonic scale, E minor pentatonic scale. I didn't know that's what it was called, but I learned this thing. And it's like, whoa, he's just in this one shape here. Now, there

this thing. And it's like, whoa, he's just in this one shape here. Now, there

was no, you couldn't go look anything up. You just, if you could figure out the notes, you noticed that there was a little pattern to it. And then I, I got so obsessed with it. And I showed my younger brother, John, who started playing guitar right at the same time I did. So I was 14, he was 11. And, uh, I would play rhythm for him for five

11. And, uh, I would play rhythm for him for five minutes while he would solo over Hey Joe. And then as soon as I start soloing, he'd throw the guitar down, then we get in a fight. And so my mom eventually was like, what is going on here? And I was like, John won't play rhythm. John won't play rhythm for me. She's like, okay, I'll play rhythm for

play rhythm. John won't play rhythm for me. She's like, okay, I'll play rhythm for you. What are the chords? And I was like, okay, it's like E, C, G,

you. What are the chords? And I was like, okay, it's like E, C, G, D, A. And so my mom would literally play rhythm for 20 minutes while I'd

D, A. And so my mom would literally play rhythm for 20 minutes while I'd play. Hashtag parenting. That's amazing. When I look back on it now, my mom's been

play. Hashtag parenting. That's amazing. When I look back on it now, my mom's been gone for 10 years now. When I look back on it, it's like, my God, my parents were so cool. We should mention that Hey Joe and Hendrix in general is kind of known for the rhythm not being simple rhythm, just the chords that you mentioned. Right. It's what you do with those chords. It's... almost improvisation in the

you mentioned. Right. It's what you do with those chords. It's... almost improvisation in the rhythm side. He did all those really cool chord fragments, riffs and things like that

rhythm side. He did all those really cool chord fragments, riffs and things like that that's just part of his, that's the Hendrix style. What do you think? I mean,

many people put Hendrix as the greatest guitarist of all time. What do you think is part of that? You know, I make lists. You do. If you somehow don't know who Rick Beato is, go on YouTube right now and watch your excellent interviews with musicians, watch your breakdown and analysis of different songs.

and watch your top 20 lists where you're very opinionated, sometimes very openly critical about certain kinds of song. It's fun. Opinions are fun. But they do change, Lex, from day to day. Yeah, exactly. But anytime I do a list, if I do 20, I like to do 20 because that gives me some leeway to

throw in. I have to throw in something that is so weird that people, you

throw in. I have to throw in something that is so weird that people, you know, something that A lot of people won't know just to have it on there so I can at least introduce a, you know, I'll put somebody like a Alan Holdsworth, who's a famous fusion guitar player. I'll throw in one of his solos or something, just some oddball solo in there, just so that people, as they're listening down

to this, will get exposed to something they would not necessarily get exposed to. Yeah,

a lot of variety. But Hendrix, did you show up here today, Rick?

trying to tell me that Hendrix is not up there. I just am getting that vibe right now. No, I'm not. I, but I don't want to say greatest, you know, you can say, well, there, there are people that, that inspired Jimi Hendrix, Charlie Christian, older guitar players, Charlie Christian and Django Reinhardt were the first two really big and probably, and Andre Segovia were, were three of the giants of the

20th century, as far as guitar players, influences for most of the players that were to follow. So here, going to perplexity, Django Reinhardt was, of course, a jazz guitarist

to follow. So here, going to perplexity, Django Reinhardt was, of course, a jazz guitarist and composer, active mainly in France, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest guitarists in jazz history. So Django was, um, well, there's a huge movement right now, gypsy jazz movement, as they call it, that is, um, kind

of built around the style of music that he played back in the early 20th century. One of the things about Django is that he was in a fire

century. One of the things about Django is that he was in a fire and he had two of his third and fourth fingers. So his ring finger and pinky were essentially melted together. He had no use of them, although he could use them while he was courting, but a lot of these incredibly fast lines, he's just playing with two fingers. And it's amazing.

That... What is that? So that's gypsy jazz. That's gypsy jazz, yeah.

Him, Stefan Grappelli, there's a violinist that played with him a lot. How much of this is improvisation? Everything he's doing there is improvised.

It feels so free. Yeah. And fun, like swing. And then that leads to, you said, pre-bebop. So bebop was the kind of jazz that was also influential on you and your own life journey. And it's this complicated, legendary kind of jazz that was very influential on the music that followed. So what was bebop? Well, after the

big bands were happening from the 20s through the 40s, Small people would go out and play in small groups that they would tour with.

And Charlie Parker, who's really kind of the, one of the main figures of early bebop, really developed the language of it. Usually the music that they're playing over are standard chord progressions that, that they would use as vehicles to improvise over. A

lot of them were AABA form and Charlie Parker created this, language of improvisation that was far more sophisticated than the swing players of the big band era. You know, think of people like Benny Goodman of that era.

They would have really fast tempo songs, angular lines, chromaticism, things like that, chromatic notes. Chromatic notes are just notes next to each other on the front board.

chromatic notes. Chromatic notes are just notes next to each other on the front board.

I like to think of it as connecting notes. Connecting. You're putting in more notes than are supposed to be there, and so doing... creating some interesting texture. Yeah, so

that is one of the most difficult styles to master. Because all these things are a language. Yeah. Blues playing, they're all just languages, right? It's like, just like you'd

a language. Yeah. Blues playing, they're all just languages, right? It's like, just like you'd learn any type of language. My dad loved bebop. Now, when I was a little kid, and he's listening to these bebop records, whether it's Charlie Parker or Dizzy Gillespie or Oscar Peterson, Joe Past, great jazz guitar player. I'm just hearing this stuff. I

don't know any different. My dad was not a musician, but for some reason he liked incredibly sophisticated music that was very technical. And

I just heard it and just was like, oh yeah, okay, cool. And not realizing that it was developing my ear because I really, bebop is one of the hardest musicians To improvise in that style, in that language of bebop, it's very difficult to do. And hearing it as a kid is

one of the things that I think enables you, just like languages, enables you to learn it as opposed to somebody that's never been exposed to it and tries to learn it as a teenager. I think it's very similar to learning languages. Which

kind of is like my theory on perfect pitch, that every child is born with perfect pitch and they start to lose the ability around nine months when people become culturally bound listeners, when babies do. They start out as citizens of the world. You know, they have the neural pathways to hear the

sounds, the phonemes of all 6,500 languages spoken on earth. Mm-hmm. But then

around nine months, they begin to lose that ability. And they, when they become these culturally bound listeners, there's a great YouTube video with this woman, Patricia Kuhl. She's a

language researcher. And I watched this, The Linguistic Genius of Babies. I saw this in 2010, this lecture that she did, like a TED Talk. And she talks about this, that kids, they did an experiment. They exposed kids to Mandarin three times a week for 25-minute sessions, just to... person speaking Mandarin to these babies.

And they were able to recognize the sounds, the phonemes of that language even later on. And when I realized that my son Dylan had perfect pitch, I thought, why does Dylan have perfect pitch? But no one in my family had ever had perfect pitch. And I thought, well, it must be because of

the things I exposed to him prenatally, and then in the first nine months of his life. Because it's the only way I could explain it. We're going to return

his life. Because it's the only way I could explain it. We're going to return to Joe Pass. We've got to go to Dylan. You mentioned Dylan. I guess it's in part one of the origin stories of you putting out videos into the world is the early videos you did with Dylan, a set of videos on his perfect pitch. And for people who don't know, maybe you can speak to what perfect pitch

pitch. And for people who don't know, maybe you can speak to what perfect pitch means. To Billy, to identify any note, without a reference tone.

means. To Billy, to identify any note, without a reference tone.

So you can play, it doesn't matter how quickly they are that they can, a person with perfect pitch can hear a note and immediately identify it or a collection of notes. And taking a tangent upon a tangent, you also have a course on ear training. Yes, but my course is for relative pitch, not to be confused with perfect pitch. Is it fair to say that relative pitch, as far as the

thing you would learn, is more useful for musicians? Yes. Can you explain the difference between the two? Relative pitch is basically learning how to identify pitches relative to a stated tonic or something that you've heard or just relative to each other. If you hear a note and then you hear another note after it, you

other. If you hear a note and then you hear another note after it, you can recognize, let's say it's a minor third interval. So if you're on the note A, the next note would be C. So once you're given a reference note, you can use relative pitch to identify the relative nature from one pitch to another.

And of course, intervals make up scales and intervals make up chords and so that if you develop it to any degree uh relative pitch you can understand you can hear the music better yes so what what does it take uh since we're taking attention on tangent what's uh what does it take to

train your ear what's uh a tldr in the course before people go out and sign up it's just practice basically you start with intervals and typically with small intervals, like minor second, major second. So minor second would be half step, major second would be whole step. Are you listening to the tone one after the other or two of them together? Both. So played separately, it's called melodic intervals, right? Like a melody.

And harmonic intervals are played like a harmony together. So you have to be able to identify them both, both ways. With an early journey, like we'll give people a preview of what they should, like what does that look like? What does practice look like? Well... My course, it will play you an interval and then you identify it

like? Well... My course, it will play you an interval and then you identify it by clicking on whether it's, you know, a major third or minor third or major sixth or minor sixth or perfect fifth or tritone, whatever it is. And it will teach you gradually over time how to recognize all the intervals. So

you listen to a melodic interval or harmonic interval. How quickly

does the ear in the various age groups that we humans are in How quickly does the ear learn the different intervals? Is it a week, two weeks, a month, two months, five years? I think you do it pretty quickly. If you practice within a couple months, you can really make a lot of progress on it if

you practice daily. What benefit does it have to you as a musician in general?

Well, it's great if you want to hear a chord progression, if you're trying to figure out a song, and you can say, oh, that's going from the... Six minor

chord to the four major to the five major to the one major. You can

just identify it immediately. And then you figure out what the first chord is, then you know what the rest of the chords are, because they're in relation to whatever that first chord is. And for learning solos, for example, or learning melodies, being able to sound something out. Now, do you recommend people couple that with music theory in terms of education, the education journey? They have to be taught together because... These

terms are really music theory, right? Those intervals, major, second, minor, second, major, third, minor, third, perfect, fourth. So as you're doing that, and then once you learn the intervals, the 12 intervals in an octave, then you learn them both melodically and harmonically, so played together and separate, then you learn chords. And so then

you learn to identify major, minor, diminished, augmented, suspended chords, things like that. Well, you're

basically learning music theory at the same time with that. Because learning music theory is just the name of things in music. So there's the sound of things.

There's the name of things. And then there's the haptic, like, playing the thing, probably.

So playing chorus, playing scales. You have, I believe, a course on scales and on chords? Yeah. Okay, since we're doing the tangent, let's go. How do you recommend people...

chords? Yeah. Okay, since we're doing the tangent, let's go. How do you recommend people...

There's a bunch of people listening to this that are curious about... how they can start in playing guitar, maybe even playing piano, maybe playing other instruments. Although

guitar, of course, is the greatest instrument of all time. What are the early steps of that journey? What do you recommend people do in general? Well, if you're a beginner, getting a good beginner guitar course and learning, first of all, the open chords in first position. A lot of songs can be played that way. A

lot of old songs can be played that way, maybe not new. modern songs necessarily.

So learning a few chords and with an eye towards maybe playing a song. Yeah.

With an eye towards, you learn, you learn the chord shapes and you learn how to strum basic patterns to begin with. I think the first thing for learning guitar is actually how to, position your fingers so that you you don't mute strings that you don't want to mute yeah that's the hardest thing for people to do basically is to get their fingers arched to where they if you're playing a c major

chord your index fingers on the first fret of the b string you have to have that open e string ringing there and it's hard for people to make those micro micro adjustments you take it for granted like you've been playing guitar for i don't know how many years forever right forever yeah and You don't even think about stuff like that when you're playing a guitar solo. Every little thing that you do,

if you're playing your comfortably numb guitar solo, you have to, out of midair, strike the string that your finger's on to play the note. And these are all fine adjustments that you're doing. I'm just a hobbyist, recreational player, but wow, you're taking me all the way back. You're right. It's the haptic, the physical aspect of it is

really tricky. Comfortably numb is a good example. But if you do lead, you have

really tricky. Comfortably numb is a good example. But if you do lead, you have to get a super clean sound. Now that's both when you're playing fast, you want it to be super precise, but when you play slow, when you have one note and you're holding it and you're bending it, it better be really clean. And for

that, I guess you have to really place the finger in the right place. Plus

there's the calluses so it doesn't hurt. And then the positioning of the string on the curvature of of the finger where does it fall like how much do you bend the finger you have to have enough of flesh on it to actually raise the raise the string and pitch yeah otherwise it yeah because you're lifting it with part of a flesh and of course you have to decide depends how ocd you

are do you want to be like the perfect the proper musician or do you want to do a hendrix uh so the thumb over the top Way over the top, yes. And so if you have a fretboard here, I think the more classical

top, yes. And so if you have a fretboard here, I think the more classical guitarists, the very proper, perfect, perpendicular alignment of the fingertips to the fretboard versus Hendrix is like, fuck it, you nerds. I'm going to do it. The messiness is

you nerds. I'm going to do it. The messiness is part of the magic. Of course, B.B. King is also... kind of messy looking in terms of his positioning of the fingers, but his tone is incredibly clean. Yes, super

clean. So like that teaches you that maybe any position can converge towards a super clean tone. You just have to figure it out. I think a lot of it

clean tone. You just have to figure it out. I think a lot of it has to do with how they wear their guitars. If you wear your guitar low, if you're Hendrix and you're wearing your guitar. That's true. If you're wearing it lower, lower than you, you can't get your fingers off. on top of it like that. And the thumb acts as a way to mute the lower strings

from ringing if you're playing through a loud amplifier. So there's so many other micro adjustments when you're playing leads because you have to kind of mute the other strings that are, so they don't ring out. If you're playing the first note and comfortably numb and the solo at the end, and you're at the ninth fret of the G string and you bend that, if you bend that G string and you accidentally

hit the B string under it, You don't want that ringing. So you have to kind of angle your index finger to mute that. So all these micro adjustments that you don't even think about. I mean, you're not thinking about that, Lex, when you're playing it. You've done it so many times that these things are just part

playing it. You've done it so many times that these things are just part of your brain. That's why this is such a great brain developer for kids to learn instruments. Yeah, of course, you have to solve that puzzle. It must be really

learn instruments. Yeah, of course, you have to solve that puzzle. It must be really frustrating in the beginning, like holding a cord. Yes. Like all of them. It hurts

too, right? It does hurt. If you're doing acoustic guitar. Not for that long though.

For like a week. Couple, yeah. Couple weeks. Couple. I don't want to discourage anyone, you know. It's actually pretty easy to learn basic stuff. Right, but the pain is temporary, I guess is the point I'm trying to make. It is. So

what else? So the physical component, play a few chords. Where does the journey continue if you're learning guitar? Well, then it's like, If you play electric guitar, then you get into single note playing and stuff like that. That's where it gets, to me, where it gets really fun. You know, you have single note playing with riffs, if you think of Back in Black, right, that has a riff embedded in the actual

melody. Or many songs that have riffs, the Hendrix stuff that has chordal

melody. Or many songs that have riffs, the Hendrix stuff that has chordal riffs, and you're moving up the neck and... and involving all the fingers and things like that. So it really depends on what styles you want to play. So you're

like that. So it really depends on what styles you want to play. So you're

thinking about song learning, so different components of song learning. So riffs in songs, lead in songs. And then you have finger picking. If you have Stairway to Heaven, songs like that, how about wanting to learn that? That involves finger picking because you have to isolate certain notes of the chord and play two together, you know, and...

multiple times. There's a few crossroads where you get to select things. So I guess you're speaking to the fact there's a, if you're a righty, there's a right hand, you can use your fingers, or you can use a pick. Correct. And that's a choice you make. And sometimes you use both. Because in Stairway to Heaven, you're using the fingers at the beginning, or fingers and pick, hybrid, they call it hybrid picking.

And then later on, you're using the pick to flat pick the picking patterns. On

the music theory front, do you recommend people learn scales and chords and the theory of it? Later on, I wouldn't say necessarily right off the bat.

of it? Later on, I wouldn't say necessarily right off the bat.

I think learning songs is the first thing that you should do because you want to keep people motivated. So you get them to fall in love with music and playing. All right. And that takes a couple months, three months? Depends on how motivated

playing. All right. And that takes a couple months, three months? Depends on how motivated they're. so you recommend practicing what every day every day my son dylan when he

they're. so you recommend practicing what every day every day my son dylan when he started learning the guitar a couple years ago i said it's better to practice 10 minutes a day seven days a week than to practice one day for an hour which is roughly the same amount of time yeah but it usually turns

into something longer but otherwise like if you're a busy life you know, taking a day off, that day turns into a week, and then a week turns into a month, and all of a sudden you haven't touched the instrument for months. Which is

why I leave my guitar on a stand all the time, so that if I walk by it, I'm like, okay, I'll just pick it up for a second, and then that second turns into 10 minutes, and An hour. Two hours. All right. We

got to talk about this Dylan video. So this might be one of the earliest.

That's the first one. That's the first video on the channel. It was actually before the channel because this actually blew up on Facebook. And then I put it on YouTube after. So if it's okay. Yeah. Okay,

YouTube after. So if it's okay. Yeah. Okay,

Dylan. We're going to do the hardest ear training test of all time. Are you

ready? Great. Oh, no, I, I just have a quick backstory on this. I made this for my friend Shane's wife who wanted to see, cause Shane, I was a friend that I was producing and he was there and Dylan had come down the day in the day. And I

said, Oh, check this out. And I played this stuff. He's like, that's amazing. Can

you make a video so I can show my wife? And I was on the way to a school board meeting. Cause I was on the school board at Dylan's school. And I said, Hey, Dylan, come downstairs. I want to make this video. Take

school. And I said, Hey, Dylan, come downstairs. I want to make this video. Take

one minute. Just need to do this thing for my friend Shane. And he's like, I don't want to. And I said, come on. So take one minute. I don't

want to. So I said to my wife, I'm like, would you tell Dylan to come downstairs? I want to do this video. Take one minute. She's like, Dylan, go

come downstairs? I want to do this video. Take one minute. She's like, Dylan, go downstairs. And he has a mouthful of candy there because he was eating candy. So

downstairs. And he has a mouthful of candy there because he was eating candy. So

if you look at him, he literally has a mouthful of candy while he's doing this. And we should say on Facebook, it wasn't quite... Viral. Yeah. Like,

this. And we should say on Facebook, it wasn't quite... Viral. Yeah. Like,

I don't know, 80 million views. Something like that. It had like 250,000 comments, something like that. Insane. How old is Dylan here? He's eight. Eight years old. Yeah. Can

like that. Insane. How old is Dylan here? He's eight. Eight years old. Yeah. Can

you actually give some more backstory about like how you discovered that Dylan has perfect pitch? So when Dylan was about two, he, I was doing a FaceTime with my

pitch? So when Dylan was about two, he, I was doing a FaceTime with my brother, John, and he And I was like, check this out, John. And I played the Stone in Love, Neil Shone's solo from Journey. And I was like, check this out. And Dylan would sing along. And my brother John was like, wow, Dylan can

out. And Dylan would sing along. And my brother John was like, wow, Dylan can sing all the notes. And I was like, yeah. And then I played Black Dog, Zeppelin, and Dylan would sing that. And I was like, Dylan's got a good ear.

And then John and I were like, well, we have good ears too. So maybe

we could have done that when we were that age. So a couple more years goes by. Well, he was about three and a half. And I'm in the car.

goes by. Well, he was about three and a half. And I'm in the car.

I was like, Dylan, sing the Star Wars theme. And he sings it. And I'm

like, that's in the right key. And I checked. I play it on my phone.

I was like, oh, my gosh. And then I ask him, sing the Superman theme, because we'd been listening to John Williams' soundtracks the week before. And he sings that.

And that was in the right key. And I ask him another song. So I

turn the car around. I go back to the studio. I go to the piano.

I hit the note B-flat. And Dylan says, Star Wars. Star Wars starts on a big B flat major chord, but it's the note B flat is the main one that you hear. And then I played the note G and he goes Superman. And

that's the first note in the trumpet part of the, of the Superman theme. And

then I realized that he had perfect pitch. And then in five minutes I taught him the name of the 12 notes, which he already knew, but he just didn't know the names. Oh, so you just associate the names to the thing, you know, what do you think is this in his mind? Cause it's not just individual notes.

He can like hear everything. Yeah. What is that? He doesn't see colors. He just

says every note sounds completely different. Wow. Like you said, maybe it's a language thing. Yeah. Because it really is. He just learned the language. Yeah,

the language. It's like perfect. It's like native music fluency, if you think of it like that. So let's listen to some of this. Turn around. Here we go. As

like that. So let's listen to some of this. Turn around. Here we go. As

fast as you can. We're going to start with single notes, and we're going to do some intervals, then chords. Okay, here we go. C

sharp, B flat, C, B, A flat. Okay, good. Two notes at once. Here

we go. C flat. Great. How about this? Play. Great. What about this? E

flat, A flat. This is incredible. C, B flat.

And then how about this? E flat. What is it? E, E flat. Correct. He's

annoyed. He is annoyed. Yeah. The

part of this, when I play these next chords, that's really, I think, why the video went so viral. The next part of this, where I play these super complex polychords. Okay, I'm going to do some polychords for you. These are really going to

polychords. Okay, I'm going to do some polychords for you. These are really going to be hard. You ready? What's this? Okay, sing a B

be hard. You ready? What's this? Okay, sing a B flat. Very good. What's this chord?

flat. Very good. What's this chord?

Great, sing in F sharp. Excellent. What's this chord?

Great. What's this chord? He had

nine over F major. He had nine over F major. So I had to look at my hand to make sure that that's what it was, because they're all in inversions. So I think the reason that this went so viral is that the more

inversions. So I think the reason that this went so viral is that the more that someone knew about music, the more that they shared the video because these poly chords. So the people that were the best musicians were

poly chords. So the people that were the best musicians were like, were, would looked at, I was like, Oh my God, you know, C augmented over D flat augmented. And the second chord was a flat major over a major, but they were both in inversion. Right. So it was like a first inversion,

a flat major chord, first inversion, a major chord. And then, uh, A minor over D flat major, and then E add nine over F major. And for an eight year old, I mean, for anyone, plus they're all close voiced, they're all just right next to each other. It's not like, you know, where you can hear them clear to all in the mid range of the piano. So you have to really listen

and, and you have to die. He has to dissect each one. Like what are the notes being played there? And, and what is like, what's the theory? Cause he's

actually using music theory to dissect them. It must be in his brain, those components of the chords all sound different, like very clearly different. Yes. It's truly

incredible. The human mind is incredible. And so you're saying like some part of that is the things you hear in the first few months of life. I did a thing where I played what I call high information music. High information music would be Bach, well-tempered clavier, fugues, anything Bach.

And I would play the well-tempered clavier. And I would play... I have a friend, Turkish pianist, who's one of the greatest improvisers I've ever heard. It's named Aydin Essen.

And I would play Aydin's improvisations for Dylan. It had very sophisticated harmony and linear things in it. And Keith Jarrett. And mainly jazz...

classical and modern classical music. And then we would listen to rock music once he was born. I'm talking on my wife's stomach before Dylan was born, starting at 15

was born. I'm talking on my wife's stomach before Dylan was born, starting at 15 weeks for 30 minutes a night. And then when Dylan was born, I would sit with him for an hour every morning and listen to music and I would look at him. In order for this, for them to hear these phonemes

at him. In order for this, for them to hear these phonemes apparently and develop this language or get the language acquisition has to involved the social brain. So when kids look at you, when a baby is looking at you,

social brain. So when kids look at you, when a baby is looking at you, they're looking at your mouth and they're getting social cues from, from that. And this

is also another component of saying, this is where this word stops or starts and stops. These are how this, the phonemes are separated from one another. These are how they're connected. So I believe that all kids are born with perfect pitch and, And then around nine months, they begin to lose

it. If you don't engage their social brain, making these pitches. I never played pitches

it. If you don't engage their social brain, making these pitches. I never played pitches for Dylan. It said, this is a C, this is a B flat, this is

for Dylan. It said, this is a C, this is a B flat, this is a G. I just played complex, high information music for them and played with them.

a G. I just played complex, high information music for them and played with them.

And that applies maybe even more generally to high information language. Yes.

And it starts before they're born. I think I saw some of these incredible scientists that work. on the neuroscience and neurobiology, the psychology of language in early life, I think a big part is in the mother's stomach, you're listening to the mother speak. Yes, that's right. So that's how, on

the language side, you're picking up the language already. That's right. And you're picking up the musical language. So native music fluency, you could call it. So if the mother's sitting back and listening to Bach and some... Bebop jazz, you have a pretty good chance. Much better chance. Okay. All right. So as we unwind our way

chance. Much better chance. Okay. All right. So as we unwind our way back, Joe Pass and Bebop, you were funny enough talking about what is Bebop jazz and people like Joe Pass. And in your own life, your dad was somehow listening to that kind of incredibly complex and sophisticated music.

But wasn't a musician. Wasn't a musician. Which was very weird. We never... I have

six siblings, and we could never figure out why dad liked really sophisticated jazz.

Well, you just took it for granted at that time. Yeah, just took it for granted. And my dad passed away in 2004, and we never really talked about that,

granted. And my dad passed away in 2004, and we never really talked about that, but he and I used to listen to music together all the time. We'd put

on a record. I'd sit on one side of the room, he'd sit on the other, and not say a word, listen through the whole side A. I'd go flip it over, listen to side B, never say a word, and then get up and go do stuff. And we did that all the time. And so the first time you impressed your dad was with the Joe Pass song, right? And by the way,

we'll have to go to this song because people must have forgot.

People just think you're like a good communicator or something. They don't realize how good you are at guitar, how good you are. Actually, a lot of instruments, but guitar, especially, and there's this video, the greatest guitar solo period.

Can you give me some context for this particular intricate, complicated solo? Who's

Joe Pass? Joe Pass was a guitarist. He lived from 1929 to 1994.

And he was one of the greatest bebop players ever. and solo guitar player.

So he made a record that this is off of called Virtuoso in 1973 that my dad gave me for Christmas when I was in 10th grade. And he said, and this is not like my dad, my dad worked for the railroad. He was

very, you know, few words spoken, born in 1919. He said, if you ever learn to play guitar like this, you've accomplished something with your life. And I was like, what? So this record state was unopened until about March, After Christmas. And

what? So this record state was unopened until about March, After Christmas. And

one day I was like, OK, I'll open it up and I put it on.

I start listening to it. And I was like, whoa, this is kind of cool.

And so I said, I think I can figure out some of this stuff. So

I figured out this thing. Is it by ear mostly? Yeah, just by ear. I

didn't know any of the chords or anything. If you can listen to a little bit here. If you go back to that brother to brother Gino Vanelli thing with

bit here. If you go back to that brother to brother Gino Vanelli thing with Carlos Rios playing, that stuff is incredibly hard. This, I'm starting, I don't know any of these chords. So I start out, I don't even know what that chord is, but I figured it out. I just, and it's weird. I mean, look at that weird bar. So you were just finding, like playing around, putting your fingers into various

weird bar. So you were just finding, like playing around, putting your fingers into various positions. Yes. Right. Trying every combination of fingers. I'd never played that chord. It's a

positions. Yes. Right. Trying every combination of fingers. I'd never played that chord. It's a

weird looking chord. Yeah. And, but I kept, I moved my fingers around until I heard to where it sounded like, oh, that's it. Definitely. And I looked at my hand. I was like, what is that? I had no idea what it was. So

hand. I was like, what is that? I had no idea what it was. So

you were connected to the cell. You were really connected to the music. Yeah. And

so that, that's why you can hear. It's not necessarily, did you even, you didn't have perfect pitch. And not even relative pitch. No, I did not. Yeah. No, I

didn't know anything about intervals. I didn't know anything about music theory, anything. It's all

just... You're just playing around with different shapes. That's amazing. I mean, look at that weird bar there. But then you get into these things.

So that stuff there, I can figure out. And then this.

That stuff I can... figure out and then these things here those are just inversions of an but i didn't know that i had heard joe play that on the record this is the last song i know there i listened to a bunch of times so you just replay over and over and over and over and you're like trying to replicate it yes and i'm memorizing every different chord shape all chord shapes

that i had never played before would you recommend people do something like that on a really complicated song Yeah, but there's so many YouTube videos that you can go and just learn it without having to. Yes, I would recommend. I feel like the struggle. The struggle is where it's at. This is true for education in general. People,

struggle. The struggle is where it's at. This is true for education in general. People,

like, there's all these educators that try to make learning easier and more fun and all that kind of stuff. Great, wonderful. But part of the thing is the struggle. Absolutely. But yeah, let's...

the struggle. Absolutely. But yeah, let's...

I heard licks like that all over this, so I knew that that was. And

then. These licks here.

He plays a lot of ideas like that. That's basically a C9 chord in the top notes of it. So all these are just inversions of the same chord. So if I could play that, then it's just figuring out the single notes, okay?

Okay, so if you just take this first part here, when he goes... So this

intro part... You make it sound so simple when you break it down. And by

the way, Joe Pass, incredible guitar player. Like, this is obvious. And he improvised all this. He could have played it like this. But, you know, the first...

this. He could have played it like this. But, you know, the first...

Was the individual note. Oh, that's hard. Maybe he's playing it like that.

That sounds more realistic.

The amount of different genres that you were able to replicate is just incredible. This

is just taking the needle, moving it there, then going back a little, oh, there.

And then by the end, the record was so scratched. It was...

But it was worth it when I played it for my dad. He couldn't believe, I mean, he didn't say that's amazing. He was just like, hmm, pretty good. So

what was the role of bebop jazz in the history of music? It seems like it was influential in your life. Another guy, you had an incredible interview with Flea.

People should go listen to that one. It's a great conversation. One of the things that surprised me is just how many musical genres influenced Flea. And the guy showed up in a Miles Davis t-shirt. And Miles Davis played with Charlie Parker when he was 18 years old. And that's his Charlie Parker was really his mentor.

Can you explain to me why with many of the folks you've interviewed and in general out there in the world of jazz, all roads lead to Miles Davis?

Why he's such an influential figure? Because he was the greatest innovator in the history of jazz. Yeah. He was at the forefront of all these different styles of jazz.

of jazz. Yeah. He was at the forefront of all these different styles of jazz.

I mean, he started as a bebop player and then he had records like the Birth of Cool and Modal Jazz and Hard Bop and records like Bitches Brew where he started to, I guess you would call fusion. You start

to get these records. You had two main groups of Miles Davis. You had the Miles Davis 50s quintet and the Miles Davis 60s quintet. Mm-hmm. Now, Miles made records with many people, but the 50s quintet had John Coltrane in it. I mean,

different piano players could be Wynton Kelly, but Paul Chambers in the bass, Philly Joe Jones in the drums. And that particular group was made just incredibly important records. And then he had his 60s group, which was Herbie Hancock on the piano, Ron Carter on the bass, Tony Williams on the

drums, and Wayne Shorter on the saxophone. And they made all these incredibly important records. I forget who said it in an interview with you, but they talked about Miles Davis, his music feeling like, I think, toes hanging over the cliff or something like this, meaning there's always

a risk, there's a danger that you're willing to make to fuck it all up live. And that feeling is what creates the... the aliveness of

live. And that feeling is what creates the... the aliveness of the music. Like, can you speak to that? Just the creating in the music,

the music. Like, can you speak to that? Just the creating in the music, the feeling like you're on the edge, like you're challenging the possibilities of what can happen and it all can go to shit. And because of that, it feels alive. Well, when I interviewed Ron Carter that played in, in, uh, miles,

his sixties quintet, I asked Ron, cause Ron did records. He played bass on, um, 2,200 famous records. And I said, did you guys ever rehearse with Miles? No, never.

I said, so what would we do? He goes, we'd just show up at the studio and he'd have the charts, put them on the stand and we would just roll. And I said, would you listen to it after? No. And I said, well,

roll. And I said, would you listen to it after? No. And I said, well, what about the live records that you did? when you'd record at clubs and things like that. He goes, we never knew that we were recording. He goes, maybe I'd

like that. He goes, we never knew that we were recording. He goes, maybe I'd see a microphone, a different kind of microphone on my bass amp. He goes, then months later, a record would come out and I'd see it and I was on it and I would take it down to the union and say, I played on this record so he could get paid for it. But he said, we didn't even

know we were recording. So Miles was always about, you know, don't think about it, just play. That's crazy. That was on purpose. That was done on

just play. That's crazy. That was on purpose. That was done on purpose. Not to do the rehearsals, none of that. Yeah, he wanted people to just

purpose. Not to do the rehearsals, none of that. Yeah, he wanted people to just feel it, play it. Thought is the enemy of flow, as Vinnie Cagliuta told me. Thought is the enemy of flow. How do you make sense that Flea, the bassist for the Raijali Peppers, is influenced by bebop jazz? So his

stepfather was a jazz bass player. And... When his parents got divorced, he was born in Australia, and then they moved to New York.

Then his parents got divorced, and his mom married his stepfather, who was a jazz musician. And then they used to have jam sessions at their place. And Flea

musician. And then they used to have jam sessions at their place. And Flea

loved it. It was kind of like my upbringing with my dad playing jazz all the time. Once it gets inside you... It's just there. And

the time. Once it gets inside you... It's just there. And

so he is heavily influenced by jazz musicians. Yeah, his impression was just hilarious. I

mean, he's a character. His whole physical way of being is a character. And his

impression of just upright bass is just fun to watch. His intensity, when he picked up his bass during the interview, he's an intense guy and funny and really...

emotional and um and he picks up his bass and there's a fierceness that you immediately feel and he starts he talks about how he practices and then when he starts doing slapping stuff he gets it's so into it and i'm just sitting there going whoa wow yeah he talked about his practicing routine with you and one of the things he's like i have to practice the slap and yeah no there's differences

in the structure of the different bands but usually like the bassist has a vibe to them. I don't know if we can put words to exactly what that is.

to them. I don't know if we can put words to exactly what that is.

It's a kind of energy that drives the band. To me, the bass is one of the only instruments that when you play a bad note, everybody notices. I started

on the bass as a kid. Oh, interesting. Yeah. But you also play drums. You also play. Yeah, but my first instrument was the cello in third grade. And then

also play. Yeah, but my first instrument was the cello in third grade. And then

I switched to the bass in sixth grade. And I majored, my undergrad degree is in classical bass. So I always think of myself as a bass player first. And I always think the bass is the most important instrument because... Strong

player first. And I always think the bass is the most important instrument because... Strong

words. Because as much as I love to play the guitar, and I love to play the guitar more than anything, I think, but the bass really defines what the quality of the chord is. Because you can put the root in there. You can

put the third of the chord in the bass. You can put the fifth in there. You can play a lot of notes. And whatever you play in the bass

there. You can play a lot of notes. And whatever you play in the bass kind of defines what kind of chord it is. So the bass player has a lot of power. I have to go back to the beginning of our conversation. What

do you think are some of the great solos of all time? Can we put a few into consideration? You have a great list on top 20 rock guitar solos of all time. Yeah, so I put Comfortably Numb as my favorite, as my top one. On that day, right? On that day. Yeah. Right. Now, the day later, I

one. On that day, right? On that day. Yeah. Right. Now, the day later, I would have said it's the second solo. Okay. But I did the first solo because, because nobody talks about that solo and that solo is equally great. And when David Gilmore, when I played it for him and we were talked about it in my

interview with him, it was just to watch his face when he listened to it was incredible. I mean, I'm thinking to myself, it's like, I'm sitting with David Gilmore

was incredible. I mean, I'm thinking to myself, it's like, I'm sitting with David Gilmore and he's listening to comfortably numb and he's hearing it. He's played it a million times live, but how many times has he gone back and listened to it on the record? Probably not for a long time. And then he's hearing, he's like, Ooh, maybe you just don't look back when you do great things. You don't look

back. Miles never looked back. He never wanted to hear the old stuff. He always

back. Miles never looked back. He never wanted to hear the old stuff. He always

moved on. There was this funny moment where you, where you made a video why David Gilmour will never be on the channel. And then you ended up, of course, interviewing him twice, um, He's one of the greatest guitar players of all time. What

do you think is at the core of his genius? He has just an incredible melodic sense. He knows how phrases should be put

melodic sense. He knows how phrases should be put together. There's a flow to his ideas that I think is just incredible. It's the

together. There's a flow to his ideas that I think is just incredible. It's the

same with Hendrix. This flow, how one idea leads to the next, how there's space between them. It's just like speaking. That's why I read about Miles Davis is he was very good at understanding tempo and the value of silence. Yes. And I think David Gilmore doesn't always

silence. Yes. And I think David Gilmore doesn't always play fast. Right. But he does a lot with less. Yes. And

play fast. Right. But he does a lot with less. Yes. And

some of that is also on the more technical side, probably the tone of the, I mean, he's one of the most uniquely recognizable tones in all of music. Yes.

what do you understand about what it takes to shape the tone that is David Goodman? He has a very sophisticated setup for his tone. And that was one of

Goodman? He has a very sophisticated setup for his tone. And that was one of the things when I went to his studio and I said to him, so David, is there anything I'm not supposed to see here? I mean, he never sits down and shows people his gear and he laughed about it. But there I am sitting there right next to all these pedals that, and I, and I asked his tech

Phil, I said, did these the same ones he used on the records? He's like,

yeah, they've, Tech has been with them for like 50 years. And

I mean, the exact ones. Yes. It's just hard to, it's hard to imagine that those things still, of course, though, they, he's just kept it. Yeah. This is his Vincent echo that he played through. And this is this, you know, these are all the same effects pedals and the way, is this the same high watt amp? Yeah.

Is this the same? Yes. Yeah. You get some new stuff, but, but they, keep all their own gear. And that's, I mean, he did sell his guitars for charity, but like he has a black Strat that is a, it's a signature version.

It's like an exact copy of his old one. So to him, it sounds exactly the same, plays the same. Well, of course, they converge towards that kind of hardware, but there's so many tiny details over the years. You see the final result of it, but there's a, there's a journey there of, of exploring. And of course he's not, I guess he's not doing any soft, like no emulation, no em. He does

do emulation, actually. He does. He has this thing. And this is, I asked him in the first interview about this. There's a little rack thing that I had heard that he used, but I asked him for sure. It's called the Zoom 9030. I

put out a short where he talks about it. I said, so that Zoom 9030, is that a real thing? Because I've read about it. He's like, yeah. And he

talks about how when he's sitting there recording on his own, And he runs Pro Tools himself. And so he'll be sitting there. There's no one there to help him.

Tools himself. And so he'll be sitting there. There's no one there to help him.

He's like, I'll just plug into this thing. And then he'll play a solo with this model. It's like a kind of 90s modeling, early modeling thing. And

this model. It's like a kind of 90s modeling, early modeling thing. And

he'll play a solo. And then after a while, you hear the solo. And it's

like, well, I'm not going to replay that. That sounds great. You get used to the sound of it. And that's what it is. So people always talk about, oh, well, he couldn't have used that. He's recording through an amp. Because it sounds great.

And then he's like, yeah, yeah, so that's what I use. And then I have the video of it right there. And it has his presets, DG1 and DG2 and, you know, whatever. What's your process for preparing for interviews like that? You've done a few legendary people. I never prepare for interviews because I ask people things that I'm interested in knowing. So just

letting your curiosity just pull you forward. And I can think of a hundred questions to ask David Gilmore. But I always ask my questions based on what they say to me. But I do make a playlist of songs that I want to talk

to me. But I do make a playlist of songs that I want to talk about. So that kind of guides me. Because I want to make sure that

about. So that kind of guides me. Because I want to make sure that there's specific things that I need to play so that you can jog his memory.

Because anytime you play something that somebody recorded even 50 years ago, they'll remember, if they don't remember the exact specifics, that brings it to life to them again. And they can kind of piece together some aspects about it. And they can really talk. He can talk about the phrasing and the

about it. And they can really talk. He can talk about the phrasing and the kind of melodic direction of things like that. So there's a lot of... tiny details

that go into a particular song, whether it's in the production or how it's played or how it was composed, all that kind of stuff. And you don't know what those are ahead of time. No. You just know the song and you just are looking to jog their memory. And maybe your own curiosity of like, how did you do this? Or how did, what did this sound or that? You make it look

do this? Or how did, what did this sound or that? You make it look easy, but you have to have a depth of knowledge. You're saying you don't prepare.

I have an incredibly good memory of, Exactly. That's what it is. It's that I can remember when records came out, who produced them, where they recorded them, who was the engineer, what songs are on it. And not only that, but the people I'm interviewing know that I can play all the parts of all the instruments because I've done breakdowns of their songs, which is why I get the interviews

with them in the first place, really. But the actual skill of the interview... the

thing you're not saying, the preparation, is the you young listening to bebop. That's right.

It's the background now. It's the soul carrying with you, being able to radiate the love of the soul of music. I will say this, Lex, is that the other thing is that most of these people have a really good sense of humor. When

I was, when the first time I interviewed David in New York, my brother John came along and he said, is a massive David Gilmour fan. That's his biggest influence as a guitar player. And so he said, you're interviewing David Gilmour? I'm coming. I

was like, all right, come on, come on down. So my brother John's standing about five feet away. And John is a sales guy, but he's a great guitar player.

I said, John's like, David, this is my brother John. David, great to meet you, buddy. And John's like, he's a sales guy. And so during the interview, I was

buddy. And John's like, he's a sales guy. And so during the interview, I was like, Hey, John, what was I going to ask David? Ask him about the Gilmore effect. Oh, yeah, that's right. And the Gilmore effect is my thing that I say

effect. Oh, yeah, that's right. And the Gilmore effect is my thing that I say in the comment section when people say anytime anybody plays anything technical.

Oh, yeah, that's great. But I much prefer David Gilmore. And so I always call it the Gilmore effect. Anytime I have like Yngwie Malmsteen, anybody that has chops that I interview, the negative comments are always, well, I prefer David Gilmore. Yeah.

And I said that, I told David that he's like, well, maybe they should keep their opinions to themselves. Yeah, a lot of these folks have really wonderful personalities with a trusted person to be able to reveal that personality. So Comfortably Numb at the top on that day. What else is up there? Stare at Heaven. Hey,

Joe. Well, in that list, your top Hendrix soloist, Hey, Joe. it's the

first guitar solo I ever learned. So I had to put it on there. So

I don't, I don't necessarily do these by, I do those in kind of how, how important they are to me and my development. So there, there's always a biographical component to these lists. Number three was Kid Charlemagne, a Steely Dancel, Larry Carlton, amazing solo, extremely difficult to figure out. Probably

there's two solos on the list that are just about are very that one I can play. Oh, well, there's a few solos that are very hard to play stone

can play. Oh, well, there's a few solos that are very hard to play stone in love by journey by Neil Sean. Neil Sean is very hard to play some licks. Um, the, um, there's a song, there's a solo by a guitarist, Carlos

licks. Um, the, um, there's a song, there's a solo by a guitarist, Carlos Rios, that people don't know. It's a brother to brother, Gino Vanelli song, but it's very hard to play and figure out. And, um, that people don't know the solo.

So I put it on my list because I knew a lot of people were going to watch it and they're going to know what the solo is. For me,

the sentimental one, my first solo is Mr. Crowley, Randy Rhoads. I like the musicality of Mr. Crowley, that there is a melodic component to it. You're playing really fast, but there's a melody to it. And also there's like a legendary nature to the brief time we had Randy Rhoads. It's probably one of the greatest

guitarists ever. 56 to 82, I think. Terrible. He

guitarists ever. 56 to 82, I think. Terrible. He

was an absolute brilliant guitarist, had his own style. We should say he's the guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne, the band. Yeah. And that

style. We should say he's the guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne, the band. Yeah. And that

Mr. Crowley solo is a great solo. Great solo. And

he's incredibly influential as a guitar player, too, for metal guitar players.

And I love Randy Rhodes. Another guy. So one of my favorites is Mark Knopfler. Yes. And I did have Mark Knopfler on my list. Salt and

the Swing. That's right. You did. Now I had it high on the list and I'll tell you why. I would have had it lower because it's one of the early ones because I want people to be like, okay, oh, this is a serious list. So Rick's going to talk about serious stuff. So, and Rick's going to play

list. So Rick's going to talk about serious stuff. So, and Rick's going to play along with all these things. Yeah.

So I wanted to kind of state that at the beginning of the video. I

mean, I made the video in one day to do 20 solos. I think I played 19 of them, but the heart solo that I had on there, Nancy Wilson, I played the video of. And I tried to get a couple of my friends to play the Ice Cream Man Van Halen solo. So I called Dweezil Zappa and I was like, Dweezil, can you play the Ice Cream Man solo? I'm making a

video about it. He's like... Oh, I'd have to practice that. And I called my friend Phil X, who's an amazing guitar player. And he's like, no, I'd have to practice that. I was like, come on, man. Can't let me play Ice Cream Man.

practice that. I was like, come on, man. Can't let me play Ice Cream Man.

The opening lick of Ice Cream Man that he plays is very hard to play because it's an incredibly long stretch. And it hurt my fingers to do. And Eddie

would turn his guitar up like this to play. And plus it's a tricky, it's just, it's a tricky rhythm. And, and it's such a big stretch. It's like, man, I can't, It hurts my hand. I just love that that's the Van Halen solo you have. See, I have to do some... There's so many Van

you have. See, I have to do some... There's so many Van Halen. My God, it could be... I could pick 25 different Van Halen solos. But

Halen. My God, it could be... I could pick 25 different Van Halen solos. But

to me, I mean, there really is nobody like Mark Knopfler. I mean, there's a unique guitarist. There's something about his tone. Speaking of Gilmore, there's just the tone...

unique guitarist. There's something about his tone. Speaking of Gilmore, there's just the tone...

the care, the timing of the notes, his improvisation, like the live performances of Salt in the Swing that's been actually going somewhat viral around recently his pretty old live performance of Salt in the Swing. For me, Brothers in Arms, these kind of soulful,

Swing. For me, Brothers in Arms, these kind of soulful, mournful type of solos he does really really well also the interesting instrumentation of la romeo and julia just so so many is it truly one of the greats now obviously the intro to money for nothing is is one of the

greatest almost impossible to recreate that because of the sound is so unique and his it's just improvised it's so cool yeah there's certain songs like um Europa by Santana. Santana can have that tone too. Yeah.

That Mark Knopfler makes me really, just how clean it is. I think he beats B.B. King in my book in terms of the cleanness of just pure beauty of

B.B. King in my book in terms of the cleanness of just pure beauty of a single note. Like a power of a single note. I don't know anybody who beats Mark Knopfler. Well, that thing about... being able to recognize somebody from a note. Yeah. You know, when I hear Brian May, I can immediately recognize it's Brian

note. Yeah. You know, when I hear Brian May, I can immediately recognize it's Brian May. Incredibly melodic. The tone that he has Gilmore Hendricks,

May. Incredibly melodic. The tone that he has Gilmore Hendricks, everyone that we're talking about Van Halen. It's just, they have that one note. Oh,

I know who that is. And that's, that's why we're talking about them. That'd be

funny. That'd be a good video. BB King. You hear one note as a test of like, How quickly can you recognize just a solo starts playing? That's a

great, I'm going to make that video tomorrow. Lex, the day after tomorrow, you'll see it. I would love to see that. Can you recognize these players by one note?

it. I would love to see that. Can you recognize these players by one note?

By one note. Yeah, I think we're being a little too aggressive with that. I

think you need like two or three or four or five notes. I guarantee you.

So I was going to do a video last week where I was going to play... songs in reverse. Okay. See if you can recognize these songs in reverse. And

play... songs in reverse. Okay. See if you can recognize these songs in reverse. And

I had my two assistants come in and say, do you know what song that is? They're like, oh, that's Adele. Like what? Then they're like, oh, that's, that's Nirvana.

is? They're like, oh, that's Adele. Like what? Then they're like, oh, that's, that's Nirvana.

Instantly they could recognize like, well, that's not worth making. I said, yeah, it's so obvious. You hear the tone of the voice backwards, forwards, it doesn't matter. You know

obvious. You hear the tone of the voice backwards, forwards, it doesn't matter. You know

what it is. Okay. So it's about the tone. Yeah. How could you possibly know from a single note? It's, I guess Van Halen you can. One note of B.B.

King's vibrato you could know. What I'll do is I would separate the guitars. I can actually separate the tracks and I'll just play one note.

You think from a single vibrato you can know is B.B. King? Yes. Well, we'll

see. Put it on record. I'm skeptical. I'll do 20 of them. Can you recognize these guitarists from a single note? Could you recognize Stevie Ray Vaughan? Absolutely. Versus...

Eric Clapton? Yeah. All right. You might be right. You might be right.

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And now, back to my conversation with Rick Beato. What do you think is the best Eric Clapton song? One of the things we haven't mentioned so far is the importance of lyrics and maybe meaning of the song and what it represents. So, in that sense, Tears in Heaven. Well, the story behind that is heartbreaking.

represents. So, in that sense, Tears in Heaven. Well, the story behind that is heartbreaking.

And then I personally really love the sound of Wonderful Tonight. That's a great song.

That's one of my favorite Clapton songs. And I, as I was like listening to it, just doing a whole personal journey introspection, knowing that I'm going to talk to Rick Beato, listening to just a bunch of songs. And I learned, it's embarrassing that I didn't know the stories behind the music, but I learned that

Eric Clapton was married for a decade to the same woman that George Harrison was married to. And that this woman was the muse, the inspiration for so many of the legendary songs of rock, including Wonderful Tonight, including

Layla, and including George Harrison's Something. legendary song also.

The same woman. Is she the greatest muse in rock history? Probably, yes. This is

great. So in your interviews of musicians and producers, I think the thing you're ultimately fascinated by is their whole process, the recording, the production, the songwriting, the different elements of the process. So

are there examples of different things that stand out to you from all the interviews you've done. And by the way, all the recording and production you've done yourself. So

you've done. And by the way, all the recording and production you've done yourself. So

on the recording front, on the production front, on the songwriting process front, just things that pop into memory. When I've interviewed the guys that are the producers, like Rick Rubin, Daniel Lanois, Brendan O'Brien, Butch Vig, the thing about producers is as opposed to people that are musicians. If you're in a musician, even if you're David Gilmore, you do a record and then you tour and then you do another record,

maybe years go by. But producers are working on multiple records, you know, sometimes at a time. Rick Rubin could be working on multiple records and the variety of things that they do. You can talk to, I mean, I can talk to Rick about the Chili Peppers and I can talk to him about Johnny Cash. I could talk to him about Tom Petty and all these records that I

Cash. I could talk to him about Tom Petty and all these records that I love. And there's just so many interesting stories that, I mean, these interviews could go

love. And there's just so many interesting stories that, I mean, these interviews could go on for, for days with, with Rick and the variety of records that he worked on. And, and there's so much knowledge to be gained

on. And, and there's so much knowledge to be gained for me at least. And I think that, that the craft of production and recording engineering is something that is not well documented.

Especially since there's no, there's so few studios nowadays where there used to be a mentorship thing where you go and you work as an assistant engineer and you work your way up. I interviewed a guy named Ken Scott that worked with the Beatles.

I interviewed him at Abbey Road Studios is just two months ago. And he started as a tape op when he was 16. He started on the Hard Day's Night record with the Beatles. And he worked his way up and he said the first time he ever recorded an orchestra was he recorded I Am the Walrus, the orchestra part. He set up the mics and I asked him, I said, so where was

part. He set up the mics and I asked him, I said, so where was the band? Standing right behind me, the Beatles, right behind him. The guy I'm interviewing

the band? Standing right behind me, the Beatles, right behind him. The guy I'm interviewing at Abbey Road recorded I Am the Walrus there. I mean, he recorded many Beatles songs. And he was 18 years old and I

songs. And he was 18 years old and I mean, I just can't, I can't even fathom that we, they have a little cafe in the basement of Abbey Road. And I said, did the Beatles come in here?

He goes, oh yeah, they come in here and get coffee. And I remember when they got two microwaves that like the first microwaves in 1965 and they were amazed by them. And it's hard to imagine that I'm talking to people that worked on

by them. And it's hard to imagine that I'm talking to people that worked on these historic records, but you know, they all start with a blank tape or an empty hard drive. And then, you've eventually filled them up with this music that you can't, you can never imagine it not existing like stairway to heaven

or whatever it is. Yeah. It's funny. Like looking back, even probably for them, just to realize they've created that magic is hard to believe. Yeah. Cause you look at a blank thing and then magic comes out and you don't even, you don't even understand. I, you don't understand. Probably a lot of these artists don't understand where

even understand. I, you don't understand. Probably a lot of these artists don't understand where that came from. They're channeling some, deeper thing. When I interviewed Brian May, he told me, I can't remember if this was, if we talked about it on camera or not, but we talked about Bohemian Rhapsody. And at the very end, there was a thing where he was depressing his whammy bar a little bit. And it sounds

like the piano is out of tune. I never noticed it before he mentioned this to me. And he said it always bothered him. And there's always

to me. And he said it always bothered him. And there's always something about these songs that bothers people. Even these songs. These little things, yeah. Right. There's always little things, and they sit and they hear it, and they're

yeah. Right. There's always little things, and they sit and they hear it, and they're like, oh, man, I wish I'd bent up a little higher on that or whatever.

I mean, there's certain moments in songs that are just unlike anything else. And Bohemian Rhapsody, when Freddie Mercury sometimes wish I've never been born at all. Mm-hmm. And then guitar comes in. I mean, there's just nothing like that. I don't even know. I mean, that whole thing, you've done

videos on it. It's an incredibly complicated composition. It's crazy that a popular song, popular rock song, could be this operatic, so complicated. The other thing akin to that moment is Phil Collins with In the Air Tonight, the drum bridge. Yeah. What is that? I killed it.

bridge. Yeah. What is that? I killed it.

I don't... I don't understand how you can create that. What is that? Why is

that so magical? Why is it so singular inside a particular song and in rock history period? Like these moments, I don't know. Musically, I don't understand how you create

history period? Like these moments, I don't know. Musically, I don't understand how you create them because it might be bigger than musical. It might be cultural, a bunch of different elements. And plus it's him filled with, like I've seen live performance. He has

different elements. And plus it's him filled with, like I've seen live performance. He has

like a headset. He does something. He's like a telemarketer or something like this whole vibe and look to him. He doesn't look like a rock star, but he is.

Those are hooks when you think about it, right? It's like, it's as much of a hook as any, as the chorus of the song or any song, that drum thing is something that people wait for and they air drum to it. Everybody air

drums to it. And it is a hook. And those are hard to create. Those

are, those moments are really hard to create. And usually they're done by accident. Yes,

it's hard if you chase it, you're not gonna get it. Yeah. And your conversation was staying. He said something about

was staying. He said something about how modern music is simpler, more minimalistic, and the bridge is gone, I think he said. And he said he thought that the bridge is therapy. Yes. It's like a chance for you to reflect, I guess, on the

is therapy. Yes. It's like a chance for you to reflect, I guess, on the verse before the chorus comes in. It changed my view of the bridge, I suppose, the therapeutic nature of it, at least lyrically. You think he's onto something, the value of the bridge? The bridge is a place, I think, where you can kind of

change the frame of reference of a song. You could probably do anything, I guess.

Lennon used to, he would have some kind of biting lyrics, like...

We can work it out. So McCartney writes the, you know, try to see it my way. Do I have to keep on going until I can't go on? And

my way. Do I have to keep on going until I can't go on? And

then, but the bridge is very Lenin. Life is very short and there's no time for fussing and fighting, my friend. I've always thought that it's a crime. So I'll

ask you once again. I mean, it's very, you know, very Lenin-esque. This is, that was really a kind of a real collaboration between the two of those. This is where a different story parts of the band can clash in interesting ways. I mean, the Beatles are the epitome of that. Each individual Beatle

is a great talent in their own right. Yes. How were the Beatles able to create some of the greatest songs of all time all before they turned 30 years old? I have never been able to figure that out. But

I have a theory that because I have a theory because PA systems were so bad back then. And the Beatles, people scream so loudly that the Beatles thought, okay, we don't, we don't need, we can't tour anymore because we can't even hear ourselves.

So we're just going to be a studio band. And maybe because of, we have all these great late Beatles records are from 1966 on just because they had bad PA systems. And yeah, They had no monitors. You know,

they're in Shea Stadium. People are screaming so loudly they can't hear themselves. They're like,

OK, forget this. We can't tour. We'll just make studio records. So that's what they did. And in that one year, like from August 6th, 1965, they put out

did. And in that one year, like from August 6th, 1965, they put out Help. Then in December 3rd, they put out Rubber Soul of 65. Then August 6th.

Help. Then in December 3rd, they put out Rubber Soul of 65. Then August 6th.

they put out Revolver. So within 365 days, they put out three 14, I think 14 song records. So they wrote and recorded three incredibly important records. They were in the studio. It's like working out. They're practicing their

important records. They were in the studio. It's like working out. They're practicing their craft every day, writing songs, trying to outdo the other ones. And

so you had the perfect thing of, of four supremely talented musicians, musicians, songwriters, singers, and then the best producer you could possibly have, George Martin.

And it was just a perfect storm. I think that when I would talk to friends that would just play in local clubs and they'd play four hour sets, five nights a week, and they never lost their voices because they're always working those muscles.

And same with the Beatles. They were always in the studio singing every single day, doing takes. And And I think that that was part of it, at least.

doing takes. And And I think that that was part of it, at least.

But you also have this theory that, you know, that the greatest productivity that musicians have is before they turn 30. The greatest sort of creative genius that can come out of the human mind musically is before the age of 30. Well, I think it's the same in mathematics as well. You have this...

of 30. Well, I think it's the same in mathematics as well. You have this...

Fluid intelligence versus crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence up until you're about, you know, in your late 20s, 30 years old, and then crystallized. So you're using the crystallizes, you're using your life experience to write things. So you'll find that composers, Bach, Beethoven... Mozart wrote their most important works at the end of their lives.

Beethoven, the late string quartets, the Ninth Symphony, things like that. So they have a whole lifetime of experience that lead up to this. And there's not, they're not improvising, but things for improvising, writing pop songs. And that I think when your mind is really most active and your brain processing speed is at its

pinnacle, that this is my theory that people can, Come up with those kind of ideas. Same with improvising. I think that most jazz improvisers, not all, but most do their best improvising before age 30.

Creating something new. Yes. Truly novel. That requires youth.

It's just a theory, though, but it seems to apply. What do you think about the 27 Club? A bunch of the music greats died at 27. Hendrix, Brian Jones, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin... Amy Winehouse. Kurt Cobain. Kurt Cobain, of course.

A big part of music history is linked to drug history.

LSD, coke, heroin, weed. Smoking.

Smoking. I think about this a lot. If you go back and you watch videos, The Beatles, any of their movies, they're smoking all the time. The Get Back documentary, they're smoking constantly. Go watch any of the MTV Unplugs, Nirvana. Kurt Cobain is smoking every second that he's not playing. He's smoking. Every singer smoked. Every musician smoked.

Nowadays, I asked my son Dylan, Dylan, does anybody smoke at his high school? He's

like, smoke? Nobody smokes? He's thinking that it was an absurd question. And that was part of culture. It was for everybody. I mean, that was a big transformation over the past 20 years. And just everybody... stop smoking. But I don't think smoking has the kind of hard negative effect that we're talking about. I mean, I almost would

rather have them smoke than some of the other hard drugs. Maybe smoking distracts them from the hard, I mean, heroin and coke. I mean, those things really, and alcohol, unfortunately, can be easily abused, I think. It seems like it's the life of a musician. This dopamine thing. of

getting on stage and being adored by tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people, the high of that, and then the come down after, is really hard life for just even neurobiologically of like how you deal with that. You have to be able to control the rollercoaster of your mind, and of course drugs will be a part

of that. And you think everything is allowed and everything is possible, And then there's

of that. And you think everything is allowed and everything is possible, And then there's also culture, depending on who you hang out with, that certain kinds of categories of drugs are good for your creativity. And so naturally start to abuse those drugs. I don't know. I think it's really

interesting the role that drugs have played in the history of music. They have certainly been extremely destructive, but they have also certainly been productive.

muses inspirations for some of these folks. Oh, absolutely. Now,

would we want to, you know, advocate people doing things like that to boost their creativity? No, I wouldn't, but just like smoking,

creativity? No, I wouldn't, but just like smoking, which I think improved people's voices. I mean, really the raspiness of it. This is the reason that the, that, that, so many of these, virtually

of it. This is the reason that the, that, that, so many of these, virtually every famous singer, no matter what genre of music, jazz, soul, rock, they all smoked. Nat King Cole. Yeah. Miles

Davis too. Miles smoked. Everybody smoked. Miles did, well, Miles was a heroin addict too.

I mean, so many jazz musicians. Well, Miles had a sound to him. You're right.

I mean, smoking must, must play a, gigantic role to that adding some complexity to the voice yes yeah some richness to the voice that King Cole he's he smoked I think four packs a day he died of lung cancer um a lot of heavy smokers those singers Frank Sinatra heavy smoker McCartney was a heavy

smoker Lennon all those guys smoked yeah it's hard to know chicken or the egg but I certainly wouldn't recommend doing drugs as a way to get better at music no no But, you know, it does seem to go hand in hand. And some of it has to do with the period, with the time period, with the place. Because sometimes it's

part of the culture. The drug is, like you're saying, smoking. If you're smoking now, that's going to be a very different experience than smoking 10 years ago, 20 years ago, 50 years ago. It's a different vibe. So sometimes the drug is a deep, integrated part of the culture versus an actual chemical substance. The 60s,

right? I don't know. They were on everything in the 60s. Yeah.

I mean, it has to account for something, Lex. On the songwriting front, you mentioned a story about Elton John recording. So he's one of the legendary songwriters. Yeah. But

yeah, you've met him and you know something about the process of his... Yeah, because

he was recording in a studio in Atlanta that I was working with the band that I was producing. And I was in Studio B, he was in Studio A.

And this band that I was working with, they were called Jump Little Children. And

so he had his assistant come in and ask, hey, are you guys Jump Little Children? Yeah. And then all of a sudden... I couldn't see out into the live

Children? Yeah. And then all of a sudden... I couldn't see out into the live room. Elton walked into the thing and we were getting ready to track and I'm

room. Elton walked into the thing and we were getting ready to track and I'm pressing the button. Yo, where are you guys? What's up? I thought we're going to start this. And no one's responding. I can hear talking. It's like, what's going on?

start this. And no one's responding. I can hear talking. It's like, what's going on?

Where are they? Then all of a sudden they come back in the studio and they were stunned. I said, where were you guys? Elton John just walked into our session and he said he's a big fan. He said to come over when we're done and hang out in Studio A. So we did. And he was there with Bernie Taupin, they were working on a song and we talked there for an hour

and he was talking about recording two records a year and then they'd go on tour and they'd write and record the whole record in two weeks. So Bernie would give him lyrics. Elton would go out and spend 15 minutes writing all the melody. He'd look at his lyrics and he was doing that that day. Bernie was

melody. He'd look at his lyrics and he was doing that that day. Bernie was

there and they had a lyric sheet up on the piano and Elton would go on and they just, okay, just record this. And Elton would sit there and and play and come up with the song in 15 minutes or so. There's a great version of, I think, Tiny Dancer where Elton is coming up with it on, it's on YouTube. And he's just coming up with the music right there. And then the

on YouTube. And he's just coming up with the music right there. And then the band, okay, here's how it goes. And they record it right then. They move on to the next song. It's really incredible. That's it. Yeah. There's one year that I sort of done the other day called Tiny Dancer, which is about Bernie's girlfriend. So

I just sort of, ran it through and put two verses together, then a midlife, then a chorus, and then back to the verse sort of thing. It happens very quickly. It sounds long, but it sort of starts off. Blue jean

quickly. It sounds long, but it sort of starts off. Blue jean

baby L.A. lady

Seamstress for the band Pirate smile Pretty eye Mary. Okay. It's really amazing that he just. He's looking at it as just the

Mary. Okay. It's really amazing that he just. He's looking at it as just the lyrics. Yeah. And it's one of the, he's one of the very few people that

lyrics. Yeah. And it's one of the, he's one of the very few people that has the lyrics first and writes the music to it, which to me is far more difficult. 99% of songwriters write the music first and then they put the

more difficult. 99% of songwriters write the music first and then they put the melody and lyrics to the finished backing track. And maybe they write like lyrics. They write like nonsense words. Yes. And they figure out from

lyrics. They write like nonsense words. Yes. And they figure out from there. Yeah, that's, I mean, I don't know what skill that is exactly. That's incredible.

there. Yeah, that's, I mean, I don't know what skill that is exactly. That's incredible.

I mean, in that process, he makes it his own. Yes. Okay.

You had an amazing interview with Kirk Hammett. I'm a huge Metallica fan. Same here.

There's a lot of interesting stuff that came out of that from that conversation. One

is the distinction between heavy metal and hard rock. which is very interesting. Of course,

Metallica went through their own evolution. They had many periods. I mean, they'd been around 40 years. Over 40 years, yeah. Crazy. The other thing is the downpicking, which was

40 years. Over 40 years, yeah. Crazy. The other thing is the downpicking, which was interesting, which is creating that really distinct sound. James and Kirk's, the downpicking, I used to be able to do that. I just can't do that anymore. It hurts my thumb. To do it, I think, honestly, I thought a lot

anymore. It hurts my thumb. To do it, I think, honestly, I thought a lot about it. It's like, why is it so painful? Why is it so hard? It's

about it. It's like, why is it so painful? Why is it so hard? It's

from swiping with your thumb on phones. And I think it affects that basal joint there. I love your theories. I think that that's actually right. Because I'm thinking, why

there. I love your theories. I think that that's actually right. Because I'm thinking, why does that hurt so much to do that? All the downstrokes and stuff. It's got

to be something. It's like, yeah, it's from swiping with the phone. The other thing that came through is that he's an improviser at heart. And that, I think, clashes with this kind of rigid structure that metal is. So there's a real soulful, melodic aspect to him. And he gave a lot of props to James Hetfield for just

being a great composer, being a great musician and writer of riffs, of rhythm. The

improvisation part of it you don't think of because you have the finished songs that you listen to. But those songs are born out of improvisations, of jams, of little fragments of ideas, and then they craft them into these masterpieces. Also, you mentioned that this is weird that I didn't know that

masterpieces. Also, you mentioned that this is weird that I didn't know that Hendrix used different gauges, strings. Yeah, he was the one that talked about that, wasn't he? Yeah. Yeah, that was really interesting. See, these are the things that I like

he? Yeah. Yeah, that was really interesting. See, these are the things that I like to learn from these interviews with these people. What?

I've never heard of that. It's like, it's one of the ways you can find uniqueness of sound is by trying different things that are not, I mean, I guess Zappo is really good at this, right? Yeah. It's completely breaking out of what you're supposed to do, the ways you're supposed to do them and doing it completely differently.

You often ask musicians what their perfect song is. First of all, it's an interesting question. What is a perfect song? Like one surprised me is Hans Zimmer said, God

question. What is a perfect song? Like one surprised me is Hans Zimmer said, God only knows by the Peach Boys. I was surprised by that too. But I thought it was like, yeah, okay, that's a perfect song for sure. The first interview I ever did was with Peter Frampton in 2018. And I asked him in that interview, what's a perfect song? And he said, whiter shade of pale. And I was like,

Ooh, that's a great song. And then I thought, I'm going to ask that to people just to see what they, now people are prepared if I ask that. But

it's like, They're willing to go out on a limb and say it. Yeah. Like,

if you ask me, I don't even know. I guess you just say it, whatever, right? Like, what would I even say? What's a perfect song? Yeah, I would go.

right? Like, what would I even say? What's a perfect song? Yeah, I would go.

See, I feel the pressure. Right? Because the problem is, the reality is, it changes day by day, like minute by minute. I...

Yeah, I would probably, I'm sorry, but I would have to go Mark Knopfler. And

I would probably go, is it really cheesy to say the obvious thing? I would

go Salt and the Swing. Even though I'm tempted to say Europa. Salt and the Swing hits on so many levels because it's got a great melody, great lyrics, and then multiple great guitar solos. And it has such a unique sound to it.

The other thing is that It sounds very different from other Dire Straits songs. I

mean, that's like early Dire Straits strat tone. And then you think of like Money for Nothing is a Les Paul and it's a totally different kind of vibe than him playing on Salt-N-Self Swing. But that song is amazing. Plus it's about music. Yes. So it's like there's a meta aspect to it. But then there's also

music. Yes. So it's like there's a meta aspect to it. But then there's also like, we're talking about this guitar stuff, but Leonard Cohen, Hallelujah. I mean, Leonard Cohen in general, like these songwriters that go super simple on guitar. And there is just, what's that called? Singer-songwriter type. I told you off my,

one of my, maybe the music guests, that's a dream guest, is Tom Waits.

I've wanted to talk to Tom Waits for a very long time. And I've gone through different periods of, you've met me at a point in my life where I've given up on it a little bit. That's how it's going to happen. Once you

give up on it, it's going to happen. Yeah. Yeah. Why

Tom Waits won't be on your podcast. Exactly. Exactly. This is, this is my, this is my mom. Come here. Let's do it. I want to see it. I'm

such a, a fan of like the Zappa-like artistry on the musical front, which Tom Ways has, but I'm a sucker for great lyrics.

Lyrics to me is such a big part of great songs. And he's another example.

He has a song called Martha. It's about a love story that didn't work out.

And it's an older man calling the woman that he was in love with and basically reminiscing about like you know, thinking about like, what would have happened if it worked out, that kind of thing. And then, you know, I love that song for a long time. And, you know, at some point I found out that he wrote that when he was in his early twenties and you realize similar with the Beatles,

like these guys somehow are able to capture the human condition so masterfully. And they're kids. Yes. I don't get it. I don't understand it. I

masterfully. And they're kids. Yes. I don't get it. I don't understand it. I

can't speak for Tom. But in the Beatles case, they went to Hamburg. They

spent time on their own. They played cover gigs that were eight hours long and they lived. Yeah, they've lived. They lived life. Yeah. It's not like kids today.

they lived. Yeah, they've lived. They lived life. Yeah. It's not like kids today.

Now you're on a porch. You also had an amazing interview with Billy Corgan, the Smashing Pumpkins. He is definitively one of my favorite musicians. I love Billy. You asked him an interesting question about how he creates this melancholy feeling that permeates a lot of his songs. And he jokingly

said that the secret is all about the seventh and the ninth.

So like musically, chord wise, what do you think about that? You think he's onto something? He's talking a little music theory there. Yeah. Seventh and ninth over the chord

something? He's talking a little music theory there. Yeah. Seventh and ninth over the chord that he's playing. So if you're playing a C chord, he's singing a B would be the seventh, D would be the ninth. he does use a lot of those notes, but almost all these people that we're talking, no, all these people that we're talking about use these notes. And this is why their songs I, and when I

interviewed Sting, I call them surprise tones and Sting's like, I like the way he uses the word surprise notes that are outside the chord that are dissonant with the chords that they're playing. And then that creates emotion. Dissonance equals emotion. And

yeah, That's what I like. I want music to depress me.

Yeah, what is that? I don't know. But melancholy, and I think you articulated in the interviews, it's not actually that depressing. There's something about that melancholy feeling that is somehow the other side of the coin of happiness. It's a kind of longing. Yes. There's a hopefulness to it, that aloneness that you feel. I mean, that's

longing. Yes. There's a hopefulness to it, that aloneness that you feel. I mean, that's actually one of the intimate... Connections you have with music is when you're alone. There's,

I think there's a social way of listening to music when maybe a concert and so on, but there's this, there's nothing like you're alone in the car driving, listening to like whatever it is, Bruce Springsteen. Uh, I think Louis CK has a bit about that. It was a Bruce Springsteen, uh, sometimes it has to pull over to the side of the road and just weep or something like this. It's just

there's something about that. Sometimes a song just connects with you and I don't know, nothing like a melancholy song could do that. You think about like maybe things you regret how life could have worked out and sometimes it's not even about like it's not even real it just connects something in the soul the uneasiness that we all feel maybe the loneliness we all feel that underpins so

much of the human condition it just connects with that I don't know what that is there's a Kurt Cobain lyric it was on the In Utero record from the song Francis Farmer the chorus part is I miss the comfort of being sad and I was like yes the comfort in being sad. I was like, yeah, that's it right there. In terms of love songs,

sad. I was like, yeah, that's it right there. In terms of love songs, somehow I find powerful a kind of desperation. So I've always connected with Pearl Jam's Black. Oh, amazing. That line, a friend of mine was going through a breakup,

Black. Oh, amazing. That line, a friend of mine was going through a breakup, so I was listening, and he's the one that introduced me to Pearl Jam during that whole period when Pearl Jam was huge with Ten.

Is that line is, uh, someday. Someday you'll have a beautiful life. You know,

someday you'll be a star in somebody else's sky. Why, why, why can't it be, can't it be mine? Oh my God. That blows me away. That's an

amazing line. Why? Yeah. The delivery is incredible on it too. Eddie Vedder, one of the great front men of all time. Yes. And that whole period, that whole moment in history, uh, of Kurt Cobain and Eddie Vedder that captured, that was the 90s. That was one side of the 90s that just, this singular

moment in history. Who do you think are the great frontmen in the history of music? Freddie Mercury, Robert Plant. Freddie Mercury, number one, probably. Steven

Tyler. Jim Morrison. Jim Morrison. Yeah. Roger Daltrey.

Well, we have to say, I have to say, we have to say, James Hetfield.

James Hetfield? I mean, there's nothing. I mean, I have to talk to you about this. I mean, this is the greatest, I think the greatest concert of all time.

this. I mean, this is the greatest, I think the greatest concert of all time.

This is their historic performance in Moscow in September of 91.

This is shortly before the Soviet Union collapsed. Plus, we should mention ACDC and Pantera were there too. And about 1.6 million people were there. Now, by the way, there's like some kind of reporting that there was a half a million people, 500,000 people.

There's somewhere I've seen statements like that. That's a ridiculously inaccurate statement. So it's a free concert. So any official counts don't count.

free concert. So any official counts don't count.

It's definitely over a million. It's very likely to be 1.5, 1.6 million people. And

this moment in history that I think they channeled It's like whenever great music, the Metallica was firing on all cylinders at the very top of their game, and they meet this moment in history and this place in history that was a defining part of the 20th century collapsing. And you have these people who are, for a moment, through music, are able to escape the fear, the anger they feel,

all of it. There's also a political, social, cultural moment meeting the musical moment.

And the set list, I listened to this several times over the past few days, just taking myself back into that moment in time. Listen to the set list. Enter

Sandman. Creeping death. Harvester of sorrow. Fade to black. Sad but true. Master

of puppets. Seek and destroy. For whom the bell tolls won. And Whiplash.

Look at that. How is that? That just... That's my kind of set. Get the

fuck out of here. This is amazing. That's my kind of set right there. I

don't know if you could think of anything that could beat that. I think that the guys in the band would say that too. I mean, they were really at their peak. The Black Album had just come out then. And that must have been

their peak. The Black Album had just come out then. And that must have been so, so exciting. I mean, Woodstock was big. There's certain moments in time that really, really meet the moment. Are you a fan of live, like big music? I used to be, but at this point,

big music? I used to be, but at this point, I can't, you know, I'd much rather see people play in small clubs and, or go to the, I'd like to listen to the studio, go to the studio even. I generally almost entirely agree with you. I just think that there's

these historic moments, but you don't know which are going to be which, but you make it in the concert free. It's just all of it to get plus Pantera.

and ACDC. The other, which actually is a legitimate thing you mentioned, is as one of the greatest concerts of all time, is Beethoven's world premiere of Ninth Symphony. You know, I didn't really know the personal side of Beethoven until I saw

Symphony. You know, I didn't really know the personal side of Beethoven until I saw this movie called Immortal Beloved. It's an excellent movie with Gary Oldman. It's a

really masterful celebration of Beethoven in an interesting kind of way through the perspective of a love letter that he's written. But then I realized this early, this is many, many, a couple decades ago now, that he went deaf before he even started writing the Ninth Symphony, which is widely considered to be one of the greatest compositions

of all time, the greatest symphonies of all time. He went deaf couldn't hear anything before he even started writing it. And so there's that famous story of him in that world premiere of having to be turned around because he can't hear people applauding. So he has to be turned around to see that people are actually clapping.

applauding. So he has to be turned around to see that people are actually clapping.

I mean, there's this whole tragic element, plus the meaning of the symphony that ends in this beautiful ode to joy. The symphony itself is a kind of, It starts with the chaos and conflict and ends with this celebration of peace and

brotherly unity and I guess a call for that. reaching for

that peace. And there's a tragic element to it, again, connected to history, which is it was post-Napoleonic Wars and before the American Civil War. So you're in this middle, this respite from war, calling for peace, not knowing that truly horrific wars are coming. So you have the American Civil War and

you have, of course, the two world wars. So this, all of it together. And

the fact that he's conducting deaf and you wrote this whole thing deaf. I was

reading a lot about his process and he just edits and edits and edits and edits. So the fact that he had to edit in his head is just

edits. So the fact that he had to edit in his head is just insane. I mean, Beethoven was sick all the time too. I mean, there are a

insane. I mean, Beethoven was sick all the time too. I mean, there are a lot of people were sick all the time. It was very common. What would motivate you to write a music, this beautiful music that you can never actually hear except for in your head, right?

Like why the amount of time it takes to write, to write a 35 minute, 40 minute piece, all the parts, you got to hear all the orchestration in your head, you're editing, you're doing all these things. Where do you get the motivation when you can't hear the actual

finished performance? work. And people would say, well, he hears in his head. But what

finished performance? work. And people would say, well, he hears in his head. But what

kind of enjoyment is it? You want to hear the orchestra? I mean, it's really profound that he was inspired to do this. There's a thing called the Heligerstadt Testament that he wrote. It was

a letter to his brothers from 1802. I think they found it in his desk after Beethoven died. And he felt a sense of shame and humiliation of because of his hearing loss. And he said that he was afflicted with this thing where him of all people, that someone standing next to him could hear a flute that he could not hear or a shepherd singing in the field that,

and he could not hear this. And of all the people, why him? Where hearing

played such an important part. Another person that would have had to have had perfect pitch because you could never do this. Mm-hmm. if you didn't have perfect pitch, which I think all these great composers for the most part, Brahms didn't from what I know, but all the rest of them for sure had perfect pitch. So they could hear these things in their head and that's how they composed. I mean, you love

sound and music. What do you think it was like gradually losing your hearing for Beethoven? It must've been terrible. I mean, I just, Terrible. I mean, I've

terrible. I mean, I just, Terrible. I mean, I've heard things where he would have a stick in his mouth and put it on the soundboard of the piano and you could feel the vibrations in his skull and things like that. Yeah, desperately trying to. Yeah. I just. But also,

what is that that he's able to write? Like one of the greatest symphonies ever while deaf. So there's something about that. We mentioned darkness, but torment that he's going

while deaf. So there's something about that. We mentioned darkness, but torment that he's going through. And ultimately, Ode to Joy, like not a

through. And ultimately, Ode to Joy, like not a cynical thing, but a call for the positive. Yeah.

Yeah. That's, I've devoted many, many hours thinking about that. And plus, Napoleon broke his heart because he was a supporter of Napoleon because Napoleon was supposed to represent... the French Revolution, this hopeful future of no more kings, no more monarchs, no more authoritarian regimes, and Napoleon ended up

becoming essentially king. Behoeven

sort of famously was critical of that. Nevertheless, I think maintained a fascination with Napoleon throughout his life, but sort of kind of more sophisticated complex view of human nature and human civilization so becoming more cynical like seeing more clearly that the world disappoints you the dreams get shattered and through that is

able to still do this call for a hopeful future all right so okay so Beethoven one of the greats for sure like basically everybody, I know how to play the first movement of Moonlight Sonata. But I

always avoided the third movement, because I was like, I'll never be good enough. Never,

never. Never say never. One of these days, maybe. You know what would be great if Tom Waits writes me an email that says, I only talk to people that can play the third movement. That'd be a dream come true. There you go. Like

for this, that's motivation. That's my dragon or whatever you do. You have to have a prince and rescue the princess. My dragon is the third movement. The Moonlight Sonata.

Okay. You often highlight the importance of Bach. In fact, so many of your guests, every famous songwriters influenced by Bach. They are the greatest composer of all time. The greatest musician of all time. Even Sting and Dominic Miller said they go

time. The greatest musician of all time. Even Sting and Dominic Miller said they go to Bach even for like practice. Every day. People talk about Bach was not known other than in his places he lived. Eisenach, he was born in Leipzig. He spent

many years. But Bach was known to great musicians.

It was difficult to find manuscripts, but there was a premiere of the St. Louis.

Matthew Passion that Mendelssohn had done in 17, in 1829, it was on March 11th, I believe he had a manuscript because his father and mother collected manuscripts and he got a manuscript of this piece. And he, I think he was 20 years old and, and they had a performance of it in

Berlin. And, uh, Beethoven, Mozart, they studied the well-tempered clavier,

Berlin. And, uh, Beethoven, Mozart, they studied the well-tempered clavier, the two books of the well-tempered clavier. But Bach wrote profoundly beautiful music and some of the most complex contrapuntal music that I don't think anyone has ever done like that. Extremely bright guy, had 20 kids, 10

of them, only 10 survived till adulthood. Lost both his parents when he was nine, within nine months of each other. to live with an older brother. Extremely productive. Yes.

Yeah. I think from all the music teachers I've ever had, I understood the importance of studying Bach. He didn't write Master of Puppets, but he wrote some great, powerful music. Well put.

I try to educate the aforementioned music teachers themselves.

the brilliance of the master of the puppets sometimes a good riff is greater than any musical composition I agree I go back and I play master of puppets every time I'm trying out a new amplifier that's my go to so the stereotypical guitar store when you come in you're playing master of puppets I'll play master of puppets I have to play some heavy riff And so usually it

will default to some Metallica or something like that. Or I'll play Alice in Chains.

A lot of times I'll go and I'll do drop D something or play Tool.

I usually would do something, do some drop tuning thing. It's always got to be some type of metal that I'll test to see if the bottom end's tight on the amp and stuff. So, yes. All right. We'll have to talk about this a little bit. You made a bunch of videos about it. There was a moment in

little bit. You made a bunch of videos about it. There was a moment in time, it still goes on, but there was a moment where it was really people were freaking out about the use of AI in music. So there's these, I would say, incredible apps, like Suno, UDO, 11 Labs Music is also great.

They can generate basically text to song, full song from a text prompt.

And a lot of people start freaking out just based on how it is. So

you start to immediately imagine how this is going to transform music and you're going to replace musicians and all that kind of stuff. It is legitimately nerve-wracking because these are early versions so you don't know where it goes. But in your intuition now, you've been thinking about this, you made a bunch of videos, now like being able to reflect, okay, everybody chill, calm down. So if you write a prompt in

Suno and it spits out a song, which I've done, I've made a bunch of videos on this. I made up a fake artist, Eli Mercer, in this video. Then

I did a thing for CBS News. I made up this fake artist, Sadie Winters, and came up with this song, Walking Away. Well, the program came up with it.

There is some creativity in a process. So in this particular thing, the process is you generate an image. I did it in ChatGPT, the image. Then I went to Claude, and I wrote the lyrics, because Claude's way better at lyrics than Suno is.

Suno's bad at lyrics, at least right now. So I created the lyrics in Claude and then I imported the lyrics into Suno. And I had great results with the songs that it came up with. I always have to qualify that. But I started thinking about this. People freak out about this. Oh, this is bad, this is bad.

And then I was like, no, who are gonna be the ones that are gonna benefit from AI? Well, the people that are already great songwriters because you have to be able to recognize when it spits out something good, Versus when it spits out something that's not that good. And every other song, I've probably created 130 song ideas, out of which there's three good ones. And there's a thing that's happening

where people's ear very quickly is becoming attuned to AI slop. Yes. And that's

actually quite fascinating. Like, for example, one of the things, there's this viral clip going around of an AI-based song. like a soul jazz remix of songs like 50 Cent, Many Men. And I think it is super impressive. And it's a different pipeline, actually. It's a tricky pipeline how to pull that off. And I think a lot

actually. It's a tricky pipeline how to pull that off. And I think a lot of the creativity in that, even that kind of remixing, is in the pipeline of how you actually do that. Because there's actually a lot of manual stuff in that pipeline. But I think ironically, it's very cool at first, but

that pipeline. But I think ironically, it's very cool at first, but when you listen to it for a while, You understand that this is AI slop.

Yes. For a soul remix, it actually lacks soul. But it made me think of like when I listen to soul or blues, I think I really want in that case to know, I don't want to AI BB King. I want

the real BB King. And if I know if any AI is involved in the BB King process, I'm tuning out. And I don't think I'm being curmudgeonly old dude in that. I think we humans want authenticity. So when AI, when I first started making these AI videos, it started back

authenticity. So when AI, when I first started making these AI videos, it started back in 2023. I made my first one. And

in 2023. I made my first one. And

I would take my phone, come up in the kitchen, I'd play a song. And

my youngest and Dylan, my youngest Layla, and I have three kids, and my oldest, Dylan, as soon as I played, why are you listening to AI? And I was like, oh my God, instantly. I was like, how do you know? Oh, it has this ringing sound in the thing. So it took me probably about four or five days to figure out, okay, what are they hearing that I'm not hearing? So I

did it. I separated all the parts and what they're hearing was the artifacts that are in the vocal reverb that made incomplete sound.

It just couldn't do the ambiences correctly, right? Because it's trained on, a lot of these AI programs are trained on very low bit rate MP3s, right? So they feed all this stuff in there. So they're getting really inferior information in the training process.

Whereas now when they make these deals with the major labels, they'll get the multi-tracks and they'll get high quality WAV files to train from, right? And whoever opts in, they get the solo vocal tracks, right? You know, if Ed Sheeran wants to do it or Drake or whoever wants to give their voice to it, let it do its thing and then get their royalties from it. I'm not saying that any of

them are doing it. I'm just giving an example. But every time that I would do it, I could be down the hall and I would play something on my phone just to see if they'll like, why are you listening to AI? They can

instantly tell. Then eventually it started getting better. And then it'd be like, is this AI? I'd be in the car with Layla coming back from Taekwondo practice. And

this AI? I'd be in the car with Layla coming back from Taekwondo practice. And

she's like, is this AI? Why does it sound like AI? It sounds like it could be AI. And I'd be like, yeah, it's AI. She's like, oh, it's getting better. And then I did this song for, it was an NPR interview. I created

better. And then I did this song for, it was an NPR interview. I created

a song with a fake artist and the song was called Neon Ghosts. And I

played it for Layla in the car. She's like, can you separate the tracks? I

said, yeah, I have them separated back home. Okay, I want to go down here.

So we go down to the studio and I play it for her and she listens to the soloed vocals. She said, wow, this is really realistic. This is

very hard to tell, even with a soloed vocal. I think the room for creativity right now for humans is lyrics. It seems like the lyrics that are being generated, they lack soul somehow. I don't know the words correctly. I mean, they can be incredibly sophisticated, but there's something, the edge is not there. Some kind of edge

is there. that we want in our lyrics, some kind of surprise, but not

is there. that we want in our lyrics, some kind of surprise, but not cringe or not cliche, something truly novel in the lyrics. But if that's the case, it's kind of sad that that's where the creativity is to come from, but not from the music.

Because then if we can create very realistic music that sounds really damn good, Where's the role of the musician there? I think the role of the musician is that in actually, if they use AI to assist them in coming up with ideas, like as a creation tool, then the musician, like some of the stuff is

just not high quality, sonically high quality. So the musician goes in and redoes stuff and changes things and adds parts. And then they actually do music production.

maybe they re-sing the parts and they change the stuff and then then it's just basically like an idea generator and i think that that's a great use of ai is for that but but see if you do that does it make you sad that you don't necessarily need to learn instruments so basically you can i mean you can think of it as a different kind of instrument but you

can write lyrics you can hum the melody you can just hum parts yeah And then do A, B kind of thing. This kind of rhythm, this kind of...

And stitch them together. And never actually have your fingers on a guitar or fingers on a drumstick. That's why I'm not going to use AI, Lex, is for that reason. Because to me, it's just boring. And when I use it, it's just like, eh. I used it for... about a month or so, just because I was making videos and I was trying to see how it's advancing. Every, every three

or four months I'll, I'll, I'll sit down and I'll see whatever new versions they have and I'll write some songs, write some songs. I'll prompt some songs and see what they come up with and see if they're improving on the things. But ultimately

I don't find it interesting to, to use. I hear you. You're a bit old school. I'm old school. Yeah. I'm trying to think about the future. And I think,

school. I'm old school. Yeah. I'm trying to think about the future. And I think, it's still even in the future also going to be boring. I think there's something fundamentally boring about it and I've been trying to figure it out. So for example, I use it a lot for more and more and more for programming. So for

building stuff and there it's not about the final output is not the code. The output is what the code creates and there it's extremely useful not

the code. The output is what the code creates and there it's extremely useful not It doesn't matter if it's boring or not. It's useful. But when the final output is the thing that AI creates, which it would be in music, then there's something about us that just, like, we know there is something boring about it.

Yes. We want to celebrate and see the thing that's hard to create. And if

AI can just text the song, generate a top 10 hit, we will quickly lose value for that, I think. And so we'll want raw content. like

raw, whatever, whatever shape that raw takes. I want to say raw talent, but that raw talent of any kind. And perhaps it would make me a little bit sad, but that's also awesome. Perhaps the new kind of raw talent that civilization is asking for is how to make a great tech talks.

Maybe that's what raw talent looks like. It makes me a little bit sad because I'm a huge fan of long form. But that also, creating TikToks is also talent. It is a talent, absolutely. When I see anything that's AI generated, I instantly recognize it. Any video, I'm like, boring, boring, boring. And my kids do the same thing. They just have no interest in engaging with it. As soon as

they recognize it, and they can spot it a mile away, and they're just like, boring, boring, boring, boring, boring. And then they kind of just, then they don't even want to, engage with the social media platforms which is which is a danger which i think they need to crack down on the ai slop youtube's done a pretty good job on it but um it's hard to it's hard to stay on this

it's getting it gets flooded with so much of this stuff it's so easy to create and put up there and to just be in the um in the whack-a-mole thing where you're just trying to get rid of it all is fundamentally like It's fundamentally boring. I think boring is really good. And it's annoying to have to

flip through the AI slot. But I think actually as a civilization, it's just inspiring for authenticity because you want to be real and being raw, which one of the things I like about podcasts is people just shooting shit and just being themselves in the long form versus overproduced. I think AI is making people realize that AI

is good at being overproduced. Right. So there'll be more. Let's get that covered. Yeah.

Even artists, cause you're saying like, yeah, they'll use it as tools. Part of me thinks like, not really. I think, I think, I think they'll quickly, this kind of process of generating a bunch of different options and choosing the one you like the most, I think is a really frustrating process for artists. And I think it, I

think AI will, will definitely be used extremely effectively for, It has a very fine grained tool in the image domain. It's editing

images, but not like macro editing, but very specific kind of editing that Photoshop is increasingly integrated in. I mentioned to you offline, so the whole iZotope RX group of software that does a lot of the de-noising D all the deep removing the wind, all the, they, they integrate machine learning extremely effectively

for working with audio in different kinds of ways. There's a bunch of different other programs that do that. Maybe for like B roll footage and a same thing on the audio. If you just need a little audio to create a feeling of a scene, yeah, it might be used there in that kind of way. but truly original stuff. I've saved videos where I'm doing speaking over

of way. but truly original stuff. I've saved videos where I'm doing speaking over music, for example, in an interview. Somebody's playing and we have two people speaking in labs, but there's so much bleed coming from the person playing that you can't hear what we're saying. And then we'll split out the voice for that section.

The two voices separate them and then take the music and separate that stuff. And

so it's really helpful for things like that. And now once again, 30-second thank you to our sponsors. Check them out in the description. It really is the best way to support this podcast. Go to let'sfreedman.com slash sponsors. We got

Uplift Desk for my favorite office desks, BetterHelp for mental health, Element for electrolytes, Fin for customer service AI agents, Shopify for selling stuff online, and Perplexity for curiosity-driven knowledge exploration. Choose wisely, my friends. And now,

Back to my conversation with Rick Beato. So you have this video of Breaking Down Sabrina Carpenter's song Man Child. And you use that as an example of building up people's intuition about the music business and how the music production for these popular songs is being done these days. Who's doing the songwriting?

How is it being done? And all that kind of stuff. I was wondering if you could speak to that. In that particular song, Jack Antonoff, who was one of the writers, Amy Allen, Sabrina Carpenter, said in some awards thing that there's an old guy on YouTube that says that Sabrina had very little to do with the song.

And so he said in this clip. You being the old guy. Me being the old guy that, well, Sabrina really was the, she's amazing. And she's the one that wrote everything in the song. So my response is like, well, why are you guys even included on the songwriting then? Yeah. One of the things you highlight is a lot of people are included on the list of songwriters. Yeah. 10

people, 11 people. I mean, you know, like why are the song... Why is Song of the Year have songs that are interpolation, meaning that they have melodies from other songs in their interpolation. They used to call it stealing. And then you have songs that are used samples for the whole thing, like the Doji song that's out

right now. And I said, look... She took a Gautier song and basically took off

right now. And I said, look... She took a Gautier song and basically took off his melody and she created her own melody over it. It's like, well, it's, I mean, it saves time for, you don't have to actually create a track. You just

can sing over someone else's song that was already successful. Yeah. You pointing that out, the song anxiety broke my brain. I mean, it's so absurd. Yeah. This feels unfair.

It feels, it's a good song. it was also a good song before and it was before that it was also a good song right 2011 or louis bonfa in 1967 um so why is that considered to be in the top songs of the year it's like come on you

can't find another song that's not based on that that's ridiculous Yeah, yeah, yeah. And Doji has some really good songs on a record. Yeah, but why

yeah, yeah. And Doji has some really good songs on a record. Yeah, but why are these the ones that are coming to the top, right? This is interesting. That

might be just a criticism of the machinery of the business that drives them. It's

not necessarily... A lot of these folks are really good musicians.

First of all, I think a lot of them are also good musicians. the actual

songs that make it to the top of good. I'm a big fan of Bruno Mars. He's a great songwriter and he's a great musician all around. You know, this

Mars. He's a great songwriter and he's a great musician all around. You know, this is a Michael Jackson and reincarnated. Super, super talented guy. Incredible, right? Yes.

You mentioned Billie Eilish and her brother write a lot of the songs. So good.

Yeah. Super talented. I mean, Taylor Swift is unlike anything. I mean,

that's a historic figure in music. She's a fundamentally, at least originally, a singer-songwriter.

Yes. So that's a, I mean, that, I mean, I'm sorry, but that is a, like, of the kind of music that Rick Beato gives props to. She's

the, she carries the flame forward. She works on her own songs, absolutely. And she, but she never has more than two co-writers on things. You want

absolutely. And she, but she never has more than two co-writers on things. You want

to take a quick bath and break? Yeah. Okay. Okay. I have to ask you about this complexity that you're facing on a basically daily basis.

I think it's a challenge a lot of YouTube folks experience, but you're just so viscerally experiencing it because a lot of what you do in your channel is celebrate music broadly. And so as part of that process, you have to sometimes show clips

music broadly. And so as part of that process, you have to sometimes show clips of music. And I think all of that falls under fair use quite obviously. And

of music. And I think all of that falls under fair use quite obviously. And

so you get all these YouTube copyright claims. And for folks who don't know, if you get three of those, each one of those can be a strike on the channel and can take down your channel. And you get some insane amount. You said

you got like, I think I did a similar thing on my Rick Rubin episode.

I think you said 13. Yeah. 13. So can you just speak to this whole thing? You've been in a constant battle. WMG, UMG, all the people.

thing? You've been in a constant battle. WMG, UMG, all the people.

All the three-letter name record labels, right? The music business people. So what's the story there? Well, this has been going on since the beginning of my channel, and I've

there? Well, this has been going on since the beginning of my channel, and I've made videos periodically. When I first started, it was just instant blocks. So you never knew back in—I started—it'll be 10 years in June. So when

blocks. So you never knew back in—I started—it'll be 10 years in June. So when

I play music in a video— YouTubers were not playing music in videos because they didn't—because of the content ID things and the takedowns and stuff— I would play music and I would just see what happens. And then you get a content ID claim or you realize that people were quote unquote blockers. And I came up with that term that they would block your video, take down your video. And I realized at

first it was like anything Guns N' Roses, which is still the case, Guns N' Roses, ACDC. I mean, many bands, Fleetwood Mac, Led

Roses, ACDC. I mean, many bands, Fleetwood Mac, Led Zeppelin. And then something happened. there was a

Zeppelin. And then something happened. there was a guy on the skateboard on TikTok that had the ocean spray thing and he was listening to Dreams by Fleetwood Mac. And that blew up and became a number one song again. And the labels then realized, I mean, I'd made many videos

song again. And the labels then realized, I mean, I'd made many videos about why this is wrong and it should be fair use and everything. Well, because

of that, the laborers were like, ooh, maybe we should rethink this. And then they just started demonetizing videos. demonetize means they get all the money they get all the money in a one hour video if they if you use 20 seconds of a clip they get all the money okay so i hired a lawyer finally after the rick rubin video because i thought it was ridiculous

i go over to to to tuscany i interview rick at his house and and uh I hired a lawyer to fight this, who I'm going to have on my channel. I don't want to say who it is, but he's another YouTuber. And he

channel. I don't want to say who it is, but he's another YouTuber. And he

had approached me a couple of years ago, and it's not cheap to do. You're

going to do like a public interview with him? I'm going to do an interview with him, yes. Awesome. I talked to him today about it, actually. I can't wait.

Yeah. That'd be great. So he said, you should fight these because every single one of them is fair use. And he went through my entire cattle. I have 2,100 videos. And he's fought 4,000

videos. And he's fought 4,000 content ID claims and won every single one of them. 4,000.

That's a lot. I mean, when I do top 20 guitar solos, there's 20 content ID claims, you know? And it can be either from the sound recording, if I use that, or if I just play it, it can be from the publisher. That's

amazing. Yeah. So is there... I mean, that's still... still a lawyer still work does that is there a hopeful thing you can say about the future of yeah fight these content id claims if it's fair use if you're not just playing the song and listening to it and because a lot of stuff that are reaction videos or whatever that are not where they play the whole song i

mean i'm using these things and i'm talking a lot of the times it's in interviews or it's in i'm breaking down a solo and there's a Yeah. See, that's

an obvious one. But even reaction videos, right? Yeah. Even reaction videos. Yes, absolutely. Those

are more borderline. Yeah. But I don't know. I love those videos.

Absolutely. Like when a person is just sitting there and listening to it and they're like, you know, like a voice teacher is listening to a vocal performance. Yeah, but

those are breakdowns. Yeah, those are breakdowns, yeah. think that the content id stuff that was happening with these major labels they would hire third parties that would go out use ai and go and um anytime they detect anything they always go to the biggest channels first to get the most views make sense and stuff and yeah and they would claim everything that they could and historically youtubers never would fight back they

were like oh this is easy money youtubers never fight back and these things because they're afraid to have their channels taken down. Yep. So Rick Biotto say, hold my beer. There you go. So, I mean, I mean, it's important. I

mean, it took me years though, Lex. I didn't, I've been doing this. So I,

so I've been doing it for one year now and I'm nine years, I'm 10 years into my channel. So it took me that long. I mean, hopefully it, uh, there's a ripple effect also. It's not just your situation. Hopefully you don't have to deal with this for much longer. Right. Um, how has Spotify changed music? Sometimes

we highlight the fact that the change in nature of music and that the scarcity is not there. But it also allows it. It's like every kind of music is available. And it's so fast. And it's so easy. It's easy to explore. It's a

available. And it's so fast. And it's so easy. It's easy to explore. It's a

commodity. It's like turning on a water faucet. Do you think there's some good to it? I mean, there's a lot of good to that, right? Yeah. Did you go

it? I mean, there's a lot of good to that, right? Yeah. Did you go through that whole process? I still remember... where I had to basically throw away the albums. I never did that. After you uploaded them into your computer?

Yeah, so there's that two-step process. One, there's like the hard albums, CDs. CDs, yeah. And then you upload them into your computer. Yep. And you

CDs. CDs, yeah. And then you upload them into your computer. Yep. And you

save them. And then you, how do you put it?

Allegedly a friend of yours pirates some extra songs. Yep. And then puts them on the computer. But you have your stash on the computer. You're like, this is my

the computer. But you have your stash on the computer. You're like, this is my finally selected stash of greatness. Sometimes organized by album, sometimes not.

And the big moment for me that was really difficult to do, really difficult to do, is throw away that stash and switch to Spotify. Mm-hmm. switch to

streaming and basically rebuild the stash of playlists and all this kind of stuff.

And it was heartbreaking because so much love and effort went into that. Both the

CD, the stashing of the CD and the stashing of the MP3s in the computer.

And then in Spotify, it just seems just effortless. But it helped me discover all kinds of artists I never would have discovered otherwise. And Pandora, I use a lot. Pandora... more prioritizing on the

lot. Pandora... more prioritizing on the discovery part versus organization part. And that was really wonderful. So one of the things I I'll start with the positive that I like about Spotify is that they show view count. They show play counts, whether they're real or not. That's another question, but,

view count. They show play counts, whether they're real or not. That's another question, but, but they show how many plays songs have, and that's how the charts are based.

Does that give you a signal that something is listened to a billion times? Does

that mean something to you? Yeah, it means that it's a popular song. Well, that's

a massive hit. That's very few songs that have a billion plays. Now, the downside of Spotify is the way that they pay their artists. Now they've lumped in podcasts that are getting a cut of the streaming with the music. And...

of the search and discovery. I mean, there's benefits of algorithms and there's negative things of algorithms. Algorithms happen to kind of many times pigeonhole people into listening to the same genre of music all the time and not expanding their, you know, the discovery of new music that you might hear on the radio back

in the day where program directors would play things that they liked. And you might hear, ooh, what is that? Oh, that's a new Soundgarden record. Whoa, I like that.

I'm going to go check that out. Something you might not have heard or something odd. One thing I really love doing on Spotify is you can have radio.

odd. One thing I really love doing on Spotify is you can have radio.

Meaning you have a few, it's similar to Pandora.

This is going to reveal a little too much about myself, but usually when I go work out, listen to something like Rage Against the Machine radio. I'm sorry. What else would you listen to? I need

Machine radio. I'm sorry. What else would you listen to? I need

motivation. Classical music? I don't know. But yeah, it's pretty good because it recommends a bunch of other stuff I wouldn't even know. Some of it I know, obviously, but akin to the similar to the Rage Against the Machine type thing. It recommends a bunch of artists and it's like, oh, holy shit, that's awesome. So I don't know.

That discovery works really well. Some of it is a technology thing. But that experience is fundamentally more vibrant than I had previously with my stash.

I would just keep a stash and I would listen to the same record over and over and over and over. But yeah, what's lost is the...

I'm sure you love this, but listening through the Led Zeppelin records, just driving in a car and listening to the whole thing all the way through.

Yeah, that's lost. So I have my old iTunes libraries from 2005 that I've saved, the CDs that I uploaded into my computer. Yeah. Anytime I

play songs on my, when I'm doing an interview, I always play wave files. I put them in. And it's funny that when I interview a mixer, I

files. I put them in. And it's funny that when I interview a mixer, I interviewed this mixing engineer, Andy Wallace. And people comment. wow,

that the song sounded amazing. Well, not only are they great mixes that he did, but I'm using wave files in there and people notice there. And these are wave files from, from, you know, original encoding, not, not remastered things that Spotify keeps doing and adding a bunch more top end and things like that, that

these are the, these are actually the, the original wave files from off the CD that I ripped 20 years ago. What's your current, and people are really curious about that. So what's your current stack? What are the tools you use? What's your

about that. So what's your current stack? What are the tools you use? What's your

DAW? What's the audio interface? What are the mics? So I use Pro Tools for the most part, but I also use Logic and Ableton. I've got all those. So

you're mostly on a Mac? I'm only on a Mac. Only on a Mac. Only

on a Mac. I'm only the opposite. Although we have multiple PCs because my kids use PCs. Yeah, just to rebel. They do it for gaming. I like the game.

use PCs. Yeah, just to rebel. They do it for gaming. I like the game.

That's true. But like in terms of editing, I hate how good Mac is.

So good. At just integrating the hardware and the software just work well together. If

I didn't have a Mac, honestly, I wouldn't be talking to you right now because I got a G3. So the only good thing that a major label did for me is when my band was on UMG and they bought me a G3 and an SM7. pro tools digio won the first

prosumer pro tools thing and i learned how to use pro tools and that allowed me to learn how to edit video and become a record producer so i got to give it give it to max for that so pro tools i mean that's still the standard that's kind of the industry standard yeah i gotta ask you because i know i've never used pro tools i've used again i'm a caveman I've

used Reaper. I've used Studio One. That's recently I've used that. And for the most

used Reaper. I've used Studio One. That's recently I've used that. And for the most time, I've used Ableton Live. I feel like I'm using 1% of the power of the tool. Like Ableton Live makes me feel like I'm literally just

the tool. Like Ableton Live makes me feel like I'm literally just pressing the record button. Ableton's amazing. It really is. It is. Yeah. But I feel like, I mean, it's designed for people. They're doing like all kinds of meaty stuff and like looping and What is it? The push buttons

with the beats. I mean, I sound really out of touch. But it's just the power is incredible. Also, I think it's not just for recording. It's also for live performances. Yes. So this is why Studio One has been a little bit nicer

live performances. Yes. So this is why Studio One has been a little bit nicer for me because it's simpler made for recording more so.

Any DAW that you get used to, Lex, that's... Just using it. Using it. Yeah.

And, and you have to become a master at the things. If you want to be a recording engineer or producer, you, you become an expert. A lot of the, you know, Phineas and Billy Eilish, I think that they use logic. That's their DAW that they like to use and logic. You know, a lot of pros use logic.

You know, I fire up logic every couple of days and I use it for things. I have it on my laptop here and I, I have pro tools and

things. I have it on my laptop here and I, I have pro tools and logic on my laptop. I use both. I use pro tools mostly though. Pro Tools,

that's where you feel like at home. I'm an expert in Pro Tools. Are you

using any emulation, any amp sims, or it's all real amps? No, I use amp sims. On my laptop here, when I travel and things

amps? No, I use amp sims. On my laptop here, when I travel and things like that, I use Neural DSP, which I just did a video at their headquarters in Helsinki. And the CEO, Doug Castro,

in Helsinki. And the CEO, Doug Castro, is a friend of mine. I actually talked to him today, as a matter of fact. And I have a Kemper Ampsom, you know, a

fact. And I have a Kemper Ampsom, you know, a modeler. I have an Axe FX. I've got a Helix. I pretty much have all

modeler. I have an Axe FX. I've got a Helix. I pretty much have all these things. But for me, I have 100 amps in my studio. And I have

these things. But for me, I have 100 amps in my studio. And I have mics set up all the time on cabinets and stuff. I have 100 amplifiers, real amplifiers. Real? Yeah. Wait, sorry, 100? I have 100, yeah. About 100, maybe 95.

amplifiers. Real? Yeah. Wait, sorry, 100? I have 100, yeah. About 100, maybe 95.

How does one go... get to that level collecting and being i'll be 64 in uh in april so so you just don't let go i don't let go no why would you get to 100 like is it is a tone difference yes so everything does one thing really well and so it'd be like

okay so i have this marshall jcm 800 that's modded that It does this one thing. It's got great mids and it's good for this kind of a tune. So

thing. It's got great mids and it's good for this kind of a tune. So

I will pull that out. Then it's like, no, I need more of like a scooped metal tune sound. That's more like Metallica or Dream Theater or something. So I'm

going to pull out my, my Mesa, Mesa Boogie, or I need a, I need something that's chimey. That's more like Brian May or like the edge. I'm going to pull out my Vox AC 30. So everything. And, and that's, That's why I have so many amps because they all do every amp I have does one thing really well. If it doesn't do well, do it well, I get rid of it.

really well. If it doesn't do well, do it well, I get rid of it.

And I've, and I'm down to a hundred. Down to a hundred. It's only a hundred. Yeah. Uh, but I can get by with probably 75. Come on. But then

hundred. Yeah. Uh, but I can get by with probably 75. Come on. But then

you're really running the risk of not having just the right. But you're using emulation.

So that's, that's, that's great. I mean, on that, but there's the other side of it, which is the guitar. Yeah. I told you offline, I think having multiple guitars is cheating, but whatever. Nobody agrees with me on this. I only have like one.

I do have some side pieces, but one main. The greatest guitar. What do you play? American Strat. I said I would never do this, but I was in a

play? American Strat. I said I would never do this, but I was in a guitar store. I live next to a guitar store in Cambridge. And one day, I

guitar store. I live next to a guitar store in Cambridge. And one day, I would always stop by, I don't know why, just to look at the guitars, I don't really know why exactly, just to be in the aura of these great instruments.

And they brought in this American Strat that had these different shades of, it was like a silver. And I just, I've never had this feeling. They talk about love at first sight. I just fell in love with the

feeling. They talk about love at first sight. I just fell in love with the guitar. Can you just speak to the of guitars you have and you love? I

guitar. Can you just speak to the of guitars you have and you love? I

pretty much have mainly old school guitars, right? So I have Gibsons, I have Fenders, I have PRS guitars, and then I have two Gibson acoustics. I have a 1957 Country & Western that I've had for probably 30 some

acoustics. I have a 1957 Country & Western that I've had for probably 30 some odd years. It's a great guitar. And I have a J45 Gibson. And I have

odd years. It's a great guitar. And I have a J45 Gibson. And I have a Martin D-28. So I only have three nice acoustics and I have a Guild 12 string and I have a Guild Nashville tuned guitars. The low strings are up the octave. So the E, A and D and G are up the

octave. That's Nashville tuning. Six string though. Like basically what David Gilmore plays Uncomfortably Numb

octave. That's Nashville tuning. Six string though. Like basically what David Gilmore plays Uncomfortably Numb in my video, he plays a Nashville tune, but with one variation, the low E is up two octaves. So he

demonstrates actually the, and this is how he wrote Comfortably Numb. The chorus part of it was with this particular guitar that he's playing in the video. What can you say about like the different feels that the guitars, the acoustics have?

Like how do you know which one to pull out? It depends on the kind of part that I'm playing. If I want something with really tight mid-range with not, that doesn't have a lot of low, low bass, this particular old Gibson that I have, the 57, I will pull that out. It's got very balanced strings and, uh, you know, mid range doesn't have a lot. It doesn't have a booming bottom end,

booming low E string or anything or a string. So it depends on what, what kind of sound I'm looking for. If I'm more about sound versus feel. Yeah. All

my guitars play equally well. I have them all set up to where they play well. Um, I have a signature Gibson guitar that I've had for

well. Um, I have a signature Gibson guitar that I've had for five years now. When you say Gibson, Gibson Les Paul? Gibson. It's a double cut Les Paul special. Yeah. With P90 pickups. I don't know what double cut means, but it sounds impressive. That's two cut. Oh. Yeah. As opposed to a Les Paul that has one cut. So it's a Les Paul special that has two. I have it

over there. My signature guitar. That's the, all right. Nice. When you play this, you're

over there. My signature guitar. That's the, all right. Nice. When you play this, you're going to be like, oh my God, this is. butter. Again, I said it's cheating.

I don't... And what amp do you play through? Do you play through an amp sim or do you have... What do you have? Like a... This is going to be... Yeah. Yeah. I use Bias FX. I'm sorry. Lex, I use amp sims

be... Yeah. Yeah. I use Bias FX. I'm sorry. Lex, I use amp sims too, so... I just got the new John Mayer Neural DSP plug-in today that I

too, so... I just got the new John Mayer Neural DSP plug-in today that I have not tried out. He did a modeling of all his amplifiers that Neural DSP did and it sounds great. John played it. It sounds just like his amps. John

is incredible. John's great. I've been fortunate enough to have dinner with him two times.

And, uh, I thought of being an incredible musician. He's also conversational. Yes. I've known

John since he was, he, he lived in Atlanta, but when he got signed and I knew John from way back then, right. In the early two thousands. I think

he doesn't get enough credit. Like he's one of the greatest living guitarists. He's a

fantastic guitar player. Absolutely. And a celebrator. Yeah. That's a word of great guitar playing. Absolutely. By way of advice, you started your YouTube channel in your mid-50s and found incredible success.

You've had essentially multiple careers. Is there some wisdom you can extract from that?

So my theory is that somebody's got to be successful, so why can't it be you? That was...

That was my... When I started my channel, I mean, I didn't start it to...

It started by accident with the Dylan video. And really, so many people reached out to me. I started it six months after that viral video. So many people wrote

to me. I started it six months after that viral video. So many people wrote to me, can you teach me this? Pro musicians, well-known ones who you'd know, can you teach me this? I can't teach you what Dylan did, but I can teach you relative pitch, develop your ear that way. But then... conservatories writing to

me about this stuff from all over the world. How did you teach Dylan this?

Because we made about four different videos and they got more and more sophisticated. And

so I thought, okay, I'll make some YouTube videos and explain this stuff. This is,

that's really why I started. So I didn't have to keep, I couldn't answer the emails. There's so many of them. So I just started making videos on how to

emails. There's so many of them. So I just started making videos on how to train your ear and music theory. And that's really how I started my channel. And

I wife was like what are you doing i said i'm making youtube videos why so i don't have to keep telling people how i did this stuff and then all of a sudden you know if you had 4 000 subscribers the first month another 4 000 then hit 100 000 after a year and then six months later 200 000 and three months later 300 000 so i think there

one thing that should be said that in modern culture for young people, a lot of them will see YouTube and TikTok and Instagram, and they kinda wanna be famous.

They wanna get the clicks and the views and so on, and that's the thing they chase and optimize. I think the thing that you're leaving unstated, perhaps, is that you spend many years pursuing the mastery of a craft. And there's a lot of value to getting good at something.

craft. And there's a lot of value to getting good at something.

Absolutely. Offline. You can actually reveal your journey online, but the thing you're chasing is not fame. It's getting good at something. And I think actually what happens is even if the thing you get good

something. And I think actually what happens is even if the thing you get good at is not the thing that you become famous for, if that's the thing that ends up happening, it's still like getting good at one thing, somehow relates to getting good in another thing, somehow they'll lead you to get better at getting better

at the next thing and the next thing. But if you're just chasing fame and trying to figure out how do I do the viral thing or so on, it just seems to, you might actually get there, but it'd be unfulfilling and not long lasting. My theory of my channel has always been make videos on things I'm interested

lasting. My theory of my channel has always been make videos on things I'm interested in and At first I thought, oh, nobody's going to watch an old white haired guy on YouTube. Yeah. That was kind of my thing. Well, that was not correct.

And then it's like, just make videos on stuff I'm interested in. It just so happens that other people are interested in the same things I'm interested in and keep learning. And I, when I produce bands, I never let them take my picture ever.

learning. And I, when I produce bands, I never let them take my picture ever.

I never let them record me in the studio. There's virtually no pictures of any band I ever produced. So from 1999 to 2015, when I, December 2015, when that Dylan video came out, no one took my picture. There were no pictures of me on the internet. You're fully behind the camera kind of guy. Yes. Like,

No, no, no pictures. No, no pictures with people. Hey, can we take a picture?

I said, no, no pictures with people. And now you're like, you're the talent. You're

the face. No, I mean, but again, the thing you're leaving unstated there is, is like you spend a lot of years, you know, teaching music.

Like, really exploring music, trying a music career of like trying to create, trying to produce, trying to be a musician and all these, not just trying, like being, getting extremely good at it. I just, I think in modern culture, there's a sense you want to skip that part. I want to be famous. I want to, you

know, this, and that is a thing that's not going to be in most cases effective at, as a primary thing to chase. So I

have an undergrad in classical bass. I have a master's from New England Conservatory in jazz guitar. Then I taught college for, I taught jazz studies for five years from

jazz guitar. Then I taught college for, I taught jazz studies for five years from 87 to 92. Then I got a publishing deal, my first publishing deal in 1992 with Polygram Publishing. And then I became a producer when I was 37, having no idea how to engineer. I taught myself engineering. And then YouTube. taught

myself how to edit videos and then you taught yourself how to interview and i taught myself an interview i'd never done an interview before and that was like an interview or what you haven't just done that you've taught yourself not how to do just youtube but youtube shorts yes different totally different thing totally different skill and then not just youtube but like how to be like it there's a because

you're both a youtuber and And like a musician who posts stuff on YouTube.

YouTuber means like you're thinking about stuff like thumbnails. Which I make my own thumbnails. I've always made my own thumbnails. By the way, before I forget, I think

thumbnails. I've always made my own thumbnails. By the way, before I forget, I think I speak for the entirety of the internet. Thanking you for how you introduce your videos and how you close them. Because this is a big part of YouTube where people have a 30-minute introduction to a five-minute video. You just go straight in.

That's really wonderful. I mean, on all fronts, I mean, I suppose that has to do with the production skill that you have of understanding, cutting the fat. To make

a song. Yep. Yeah, cutting the fluff, cutting the bullshit. I'll just get straight to the core of the thing. I've heard you talk about maintaining friendships for a long time. You said never waste a friendship. Can you elaborate on that? Yeah. That's one

time. You said never waste a friendship. Can you elaborate on that? Yeah. That's one

of my things is that I... really value the time I've spent with people, friendships and keeping in touch with people. I talk to each one of my siblings multiple times a week. I talk to my sisters probably every night, my two sisters.

I have friends from college. I get friends from growing up. I have friends from both colleges I went to. I have friends from all different eras in my life that I keep in touch with and visit whenever I can and you must've met some incredible humans and incredibly weird and interesting humans throughout your life.

So it's worth it, the effort to, to connect and reconnect. I mean, it's pretty much everything in life. Nothing means anything more than the friendships that you make in your, in your family. Yeah. What's the point of this whole thing? That's right. What's

the role of music in, uh, in the human experience? hopefully to

enlighten people and to create the soundtrack of their life. It is right. Yeah.

Music, music does something. I'll get, sometimes when I'm alone, I'll listen, listen to a song and there's nothing quite like a song that makes me truly feel like feel alive and whatever that is, sadness or hope or excitement or, um, I'm working out listening to

Rage Against the Machine like protest or as I was listening to the Metallica the I was listening to the set that they played in Moscow just hyped like truly hyped that was like pacing listening to it and there's nothing like that I've never found anything and I don't know what that is in the human psyche

that's that but I'm so glad we found it we humans created instruments They can vibrate strings and together create harmonies and melodies and ones that reverberate their generations and they carry that.

It's one of the greatest things that humans ever did, creating music. And all of that led up to you, some guy being listened to by millions of people on the internet. This is all a simulation, Rick. And I've been a fan of yours for a long time. Like I told you, this is crazy to meet you.

Same, Lex. Thank you for everything you do for the world, for celebrating music, for helping us discover and rediscover some of the incredible musicians and songs that have been created over the decade, over the centuries. Thank you for being who you are and thank you for talking today. Thanks. I appreciate it. for listening to this conversation

with Rick Beato. To support this podcast, please check out our sponsors in the description where you can also find links to contact me, ask questions, give feedback, and so on. And now, let me leave you with some words from Friedrich Nietzsche, as I

on. And now, let me leave you with some words from Friedrich Nietzsche, as I often do. Without music, life would be a mistake.

often do. Without music, life would be a mistake.

Thank you for listening, and hope to see you next time.