The Moscow Trials (Part 1: the investigation)

introduction the Soviet Union experienced a period of political turmoil at the end of the 1930s this escalated in a series of trials known as

the Moscow trials nowadays the trials are often characterized as fraudulent that the accused were innocent of all wrongdoings and victims of frame-ups

what is the reality of this situation is there any validity to these claims for this video I will be discussing the

events leading up to the trials and then the Moscow trials themselves background 1927 to 1928 party debates and factional

struggles in the 10th Party Congress Lenin had proposed a ban on factional groupings inside the party as they went against the organizing principles of

Bolshevism democratic centralism democratic centralism means that on any given topic everyone has freedom of speech to express their opinion but once a decision is reached

everyone must uphold the rule of the majority if after having lost a debate on any given issue a factional grouping still continued to insist on their own

policy despite the party majority deciding against it they would probably be expelled from the party either except the party's principles or be expelled

quote in the practical struggle against factionalism every organisation of the party must take strict measures to prevent all factional actions ensure strict discipline within the party and

in all Soviet work and to secure maximum unanimity in eliminating all factionalism Lenin summing up speech on party unity and the anarcho-syndicalist

deviation Lenin's ban on factions led to the suppression of various kinds of factional activities from the syndicalists trotskyists the left communist faction led by Bukharian and

other groups these groupings were forced to accept democratic centralism and party discipline if they wanted to stay in the party we move forward to 1927 when Stalin has outmaneuvered his

opponents his policies are being accepted he's recognized as a rightful leader of the party and the majority backs him trotsky's left opposition has been

ideologically defeated xenovia been Kamenev who previously had been going back and forth about supporting Trotsky make an alliance of convenience with him and his supporters this group becomes

known as the united opposition an opposition grouping is tolerated within the party for a while but in October 1927 the united opposition stages a demonstration separate from the rest of

the Bolshevik Party officially to commemorate the revolution but also to criticize the political line of the Party majority and the Central Committee led by Stalin this is recognized as

factionalism by the party and many members of the united opposition are forced to self criticize or be expelled xenovia venkamma have capitulated and

are allowed to stay Trotsky refuses and is expelled he's deported from the country a year later in exile Trotsky begins to write books and articles against the Soviet Union's current

leadership he accuses the soviet government of various wrongdoings and claims that he himself should have become the leader Trotskyist conspiracy illegal Bolshevik

Leninist underground inside the USSR in 1932 quote one fights repression by means of anonymity and conspiracy letter

from Trotsky to set off the opposition led by Trotsky would eventually be accused of treason espionage and running an illegal anti Soviet underground

organization inside the USSR in the Moscow trials Trotsky denied all charges and famously claimed that all the accusations were merely inventions of

Stalin in 1980 the preeminent trotsky's researcher Pierre brulee was granted access to the Harvard Trotsky archive there he made a startling discovery

among other documents he found items of correspondence between Trotsky his son Leon set-off and Trotsky secretary one - art in this correspondence bruit found

that Trotsky and his allies were discussing first the formation and then in the running of a secret organization inside the Soviet Union this corroborated the Soviet accusation at

least to some degree more shocking to a devoted trotsky's like brew a was that Trotsky and said of had lied to all their supporters indeed the entire world

the opposition bloc of Trotsky is turns out was entirely real not a Stalinist invention it was then discovered that the Harvard Trotsky archive had been

purged items had been removed this was a closed archive meaning that only certain trotsky's researchers had been previously given access mainly Isaak

deutscher who wrote a massive biography on trotsky's life trotsky's wife had also been given access they form the most obvious candidates for the censoring of the archive of sensitive

materials quote the proposal for a blog seems to me completely acceptable letter from Trotsky to set off quote the block is organized it includes the xenovia

lists the Stan Lama Nazi group and the Trotsky's former capital letters the safar Tarkin group have not yet formally entered they have two extreme position

they will enter very soon let her from set off the Trotsky quote as far as the illegal organization of the Bolshevik Leninists inside the USSR is concerned

only the first steps have been taken towards its reorganization Trotsky December 16 1932 Bolshevik Leninist was a term used by Trotsky for his own

supporters trotskyists Grey's findings were published in his book the bloc of the opposition against Stalin despite the fact that this was a truly bombshell revelation these findings were not given much attention

many Trotsky is denied the existence of the block to this very day mainstream historians also largely continue to imply that the block was Stalin's invention and fabricated the

discovery did spark interest in the new school of Soviet studies among historians like JH Getty who also visited the Trotsky archive and came to the conclusion that it had been censored

but if the materials left in the archive proved at least part of the allegations at the Moscow trial what about the missing materials Trotsky his son and

his secretary vehemently denied the existence of the block claiming it to be a Stalinist lie Trotsky secretary never mentioned it in his memoirs written well after trotsky's

death same goes for perhaps trotsky's biggest advocate Isaak deutscher who was allowed to go through the archives yet continued to insist there was no secret

underground organization or bloc this is what they said publicly quote of course the Russian Bolshevik Leninists didn't enter into any kind of block set off the

red book while this was what they said amongst themselves secretly quote the proposal for a block seems to me completely acceptable letter from

Trotsky to set off the block is organized letter from Siddhartha Trotsky naturally anyone will profess innocence regardless if they're actually innocent

or guilty all this demonstrates is that Trotsky's claims of innocence are worthless certainly he was running an illegal organization inside the USSR as for the other charges it will have to be

determined based on evidence quote the indictment dates the conclusion of the bloc in 1932 as the starting point of the terrorist activity

of the accused from their side Trotsky and set off did not the block even existed fear away the bloc of the opposition against Stalin quote it is

clear then that Trotsky did have a clandestine organization inside the USSR in this period and that he maintained communication with it it is equally

clear that a united oppositional bloc was formed in 1932 Getty origins of the great purchase

political assassinations murder of Sergei Kirov 1934 well Stalin must be killed Leon said of

quote Stalin is crushing the country implacable hatred is accumulating around him and a terrible vengeance hangs over his head an assassination attempt it is

possible that this regime will ultimately suffer individual terror one can add that it would be contrary to the laws of history that the gangsters in

power not be subjected to acts of vengeance Leon Trotsky in 1934 head of the Leningrad organization of the Soviet

Communist Party Sergei Kirov was assassinated by a gunman the killer a member of the party Leonid Nikolaev attempted to commit suicide before being

captured but failed in the interrogation he initially claimed to be a lone gunman but eventually testified to being part of a conspiracy of political assassinations but the underground

Trotskyist xenovia white bloc in response to these grave allegations Trotsky accused Stalin of masterminding the murder himself however there is no

evidence to justify trotsky's claim both crucified de-stalinization and Gorbachev glasnost era researchers attempted to compile evidence that Stalin killed

Kirov but nothing was found in fact Kirov was a close collaborator of Stalin's and naturally would be a target for politically motivated terrorists quote

over the years there were three and perhaps four blue-ribbon investigations of the Kirov killing Khrushchev and Gorbachev wanted to pin it on Stalin and all of them hand-picked their

investigators accordingly having been able to acquaint myself with the archival materials from these efforts it is clear that none of the three investigations produced the desired

conclusions in particular the Khrushchev and Gorbachev era efforts involved massive combing of archives and interviews and failed to conclude that Stalin was behind the killing Stalin's

effort of course concluded that the opposition did it and was the basis for the Moscow trials March Getty mm there was no obvious reason why Stalin would have wanted to falsely accuse the

opposition is of this crime at this point consider the Trotskyist underground blog had not been uncovered yet certainly Stalin had no idea that xenovia commune

etc were members in it it was largely the kira of murder that sparked the investigation leading to those discoveries the oppositionists were politically powerless and marginalized

in the legal party and state apparatus of the USSR they had no chance to challenge Stalin's political line they would have only been dangerous in one capacity as members of an illegal anti

Soviet conspiracy however Stalin did not know of any such conspiracy at the time he did not even know the opposition bloc truly existed until it was discovered by the NKVD in

connection with the Kirov investigation is it conceivable that one of the leaders of the party gets shot by a lone gunman it is within the realm of

possibility but considering the facts other options seem far more likely there is no good evidence to doubt nikolayeva admission of guilt one could merely say

that it alone is inconclusive after the Kirov murder and the discovery of the secret block of Trotskyists the charges against the conspirators kept on mounting Genovia van Kamenev were among

the first to be tried already arrested in connection with the hero of murder however they would be tried in connection with a broader conspiracy to overthrow the government the charges

against the defendants included sabotage espionage conspiring with foreign powers and planning and committing political assassinations Alexander's in AVF no

relation to Krueger is in no VF was a political dissident in the USSR and was eventually exiled from the country in 1939 he was accused of a plot to murder

Stalin as part of an underground organization but was eventually released he spoke of those years after the fall of the Soviet Union actually admitting

to his guilt quote I was already a confirmed anti-stalinist at the age of 17 the idea of killing Stalin filled my thoughts and feelings we studied the technical possibilities of an attack we

even practiced if they had condemned me to death in 1939 their decision would have been just had made up a plan to kill Stalin wasn't that a crime when Stalin was still alive

I saw things differently until Stalin's death I was an anti Stalinist Alexander xenovia the remorse of a dissident the fact that he was

arrested by the NKVD but released due to lack of conclusive evidence or confession argues against the idea that the opposition is were merely framed by the Soviet government not only was

Alexander xenovia released and therefore not framed but he also admits his guilt being an unwitting part of an underground group this seems to demonstrate that the investigation was

fair the accused was innocent until proven guilty clearly the notion of political assassinations was not invented by Stalin Alexander xenovia admits his guilt

he wasn't tortured into confessing by the NKVD the NKVD doesn't even exist anymore despite their best efforts Khrushchev Gorbachev capitalists no one has been able to find any evidence that

Stalin had Kirov killed trotsky's claim is therefore false Nikolai if the assassin confessed to being part of an opposition group

exactly like Alexander xenovia did Marx borovsky an NKVD agent managed to infiltrate Trotsky's organization and actually became said of

second-in-command he reported to Moscow that set off and his followers were planning assassinations of Stalin and Varro she loved quote trotsky's and set

off staffs were thoroughly infiltrated and setoffs closest collaborator in 1936 Marx borovsky is said to have been an

NKVD agent in 1936 the 1932 block would be interpreted by the NKVD as a terrorist plot Getty origins

Jools Humbert Rose a swiss communist and political ally of Bukharian wrote in his memoirs about their last meeting in 1929 Bukharian had told him that they were

planning to assassinate Stalin he had objected and they had split over this his memoirs were published in 1971 well after these Stalin's ation had

claimed Bukharian was innocence quote before leaving I went to see Bukharian for the last time not knowing whether I would see him again upon my return we had a long and frank conversation he

brought me up-to-date with the contacts made by his group with the Zinoviev Kamenev fraction in order to coordinate the struggle against the power of Stalin I did not hide from him that I did not

approve of this liaison of the opposition's the struggle against Stalin is not a political program this block is without principles which will crumble away before achieving any results

Bukharian also told me that they had decided to utilize individual terror in order to rid themselves of Stalin on this point as well I expressed my reservations who Karan doubtlessly had

understood that I would not bind myself blindly to his fraction whose sole program was to make Stalin disappear this was our last meeting GA toka EV was

a member of a conspiratorial anti commies group within the Soviet Red Army who defected to the British in 1948 he wrote about his activities openly and

unrepentantly his group was connected to other opposition underground groups met with Bukharan and knew about the Trotskyist xenovia but conspiracy against Kira of in Leningrad quote

Stalin aimed at one-party dictatorship and complete centralization Bukharian envisaged several parties and even nationalist parties and stood for the

maximum of decentralization by 1936 Bukharian was approaching the social democratic standpoint of the left-wing socialists of the West

Tokai if comrade X quote pikarin wanted us to act with greater determination we were to snatch the initiative from the hands of the Stalin Molotov Kira of

triumvirate talk I have betrayal of an ideal Tokai EV unrepentantly said that Kira brought the assassination upon himself by his work against his Nov arrives in

Leningrad and purging the party of right-wingers quote the principal initiators of the 1933 purge were stolen and Kirov and of the two Kirov was the

more responsible he had already tried out purging in his own sphere in Leningrad indeed that is what cost him his life I have good reason to put on record that it was not

in 1934 as the official Kremlin reports of the trial of the so-called Leningrad Center suggest but in the spring of 1933 that his assassination was first mooted

and that by men who should have known better it was not remarkable that the opposition is of Leningrad fastened their hatred on him when the assassin Nikolaev at his first cross examination

declared that the leningrad opposition had its own special accounts to settle with Kirov he was only being just talk I have a bid quote our group had planned to

assassinate Kirov and Kalinin the president of the Soviet Union finally it was another group that assassinated Kirov in 1934 there was a plot to start a revolution by arresting the whole of

the Stalin has packed 17th Congress of the party a comrade from the group klava Eremenko proposed in mid 1936 to kill stalin there had already been no less

than 15 attempts to assassinate stalin none had got near to success each had caused many brave lives Tokai if comrade X the right-wing

conspirators of Tokai have regretted that Bukharian was caught the trotsky's Radek gave himself up and confessed to the NKVD quote Radek provided the

culminating evidence on which Bukharian was arrested tried and shot we had known of radix treachery at least a fortnight before who Carens arrest on october 16

1936 and we tried to save a car in Tokai of Comrade X discovery of the trotskyist organization 1935 to 1936

the nkvd makes a startling discovery inside the Soviet Union there exists a secret Trotskyite xenovia hide underground conspiring to overthrow the

Soviet government naturally everyone knew there were extra twists opposition groups and other similar forces in the country however this new group was different it was an illegal

conspiratorial bloc not a political opposition also shocking was that the old opposition leaders like xenovia van Kamenev were among its leaders together

with extra skis like Smirnoff indeed these extra skis we're in reality still trotsky's only secretly Trotsky continued to claim that he had no

agreement with the oppositionists and had no contact with them since 1927 this turned out to be false the block itself was in routine contact with Trotsky much

of the NKVD investigative materials are still classified in Russia so we do not know all the evidence they had we have some of the testimonies describing the Trotsky's block its contact with Trotsky

and naming some of its members which are confirmed by the materials from the Harvard Trotsky archive xenovia of communist Preobrazhensky Smirnov and others were directly named as members of

the conspiratorial block in trotsky's correspondence discovered by Trotskyist historian pierre away radicand sur koulikov were named in mailing receipts

of trotsky's correspondence which were discovered in the Trotsky archive by Getty the actual letters had been removed from the archive by a person or persons unknown before it was open to

researchers quote the left opposition was always an in transient opponent of behind-the-scenes combinations and agreements for it the question of a

block could only consist of an openly political act in full view of the masses based on its political platform the history of the 13 year struggle of the

Left Opposition is proof of that set off the red book chapter 9 quote this text written right after the first Moscow trial stands in complete contradiction

to the 1932 document in secret Inc and in Saddam's handwriting and that attests to the existence of the block and of the negotiations he was carrying on with the Trotskyists in the USSR with

Trotsky's letter approving the formation of the block as an alliance not a unification and with the comments of Trotsky freeway the block of the

opposition against Stalin quote on July 11th 1928 during the violent debates that took place before the collectivization who Caron held a clandestine meeting with Kamenev he

stated that he was ready to give up Stalin for Kamenev and xenovia and hoped for a block to remove Stalin foundations of a planned economy

Eduard Hallett car and RW Davies in his confession who Caron said quote the trio who car in Rykov Tomsky became an illegal counter-revolutionary

organization close to this illegal center was the ANU kids who had contact with this Center through Tomsky about the autumn of 1932 the next stage in the

development of the right organization began namely the transition to tactics of a forcible overthrow of Soviet power terrorism steering a course for a direct alliance with the Trotskyites

around this time the idea of a palace coup was maturing in the right circles this was when the political bloc with Kamenev and xenovia originated in this period we had meetings also with certs

of and La Mina say in the summer of 1932 Shirokov told me of his meetings was set off concerning trotsky's policy of terrorism report of court proceedings in the case of the anti Soviet bloc of rights and

Trotskyites we can be certain Bukharian spoke fairly accurately as even evidence outside the soviet archives corroborates it shinobi

have in common have la me nuts etc were named in Trotsky's letters which were discovered in 1980 the new kids is confirmed as a member of the right-wing conspiracy also by two Kiev

to achieve ski affair and military conspiracy 1936 quote you are wrong to tie the fate of our country to countries which are old and

finished such as France and Britain we ought to turn towards new Germany Germany will assume the leading position on the continent of Europe Marshall took

a Chiefs key quote pro-german statements made by Tukhachevsky in Western European countries during his trip to Britain became known in France and Czechoslovakia the information that such

an important figure as Tukhachevsky took a pro-german stand cause grave concerns in Paris and Prague the two governments notified the Soviet government about Tukhachevsky statements you read a

million off that took a Chiefs key conspiracy quote the Moscow press announced that the generals accused had been in pay of Hitler and had agreed to

help him get Ukraine this charge was fairly widely believed in foreign military circles and was later substantiated by revelations made abroad Czech military circles seemed to be

especially well-informed Czech officials in Prague bragged to me later that their military men had been the first to discover and to complain to Moscow that Czech military secrets known to the

Russians through the mutual aid alliance were being revealed by Tukhachevsky to the German High Command and as strong the Soviets expected it quote people of

the French 2zm Bureau told me long ago that took a chip ski was Pro German and the Czechs told me the extraordinary story of Tokyo Chiefs Keys visit to Prague when towards the end of the

banquet he had got rather drunk he blurted out that an agreement with Hitler was the only hope for both Czechoslovakia and Russia and he then proceeded to abuse Stalin the Czechs did

not fail to report this to the Kremlin and that was the end of to achieve ski and of so many of his followers Alexander Werth Koren in Harpal Brewers purse troika the complete collapse of

revisionism the NKVD discovered a network of traitors inside the Soviet Red Army centered around marshal Tukhachevsky in his letter marshal

budyonny describes the interrogation of one of the members of the military conspiracy quote Primakov very stubbornly denied that he let it is group consisting of Schmidt kuzmichev

against commercial of he denied this on the basis that he said Trotsky had entrusted him prima coffe with a more serious task to organize an armed

uprising in Leningrad primakov did not however deny that he had indeed earlier led a terrorist group and for that purpose had recommended Schmidt to the post of commander of the

mechanized Corps in connection with this special assignment of trotsky's Primakov worked on the 25th cavalry division with the divisional commander zibeon according to him zibeon was assigned to

me Trotsky at the border once the rebels had taken over Leningrad letter from marshal budyonny to commissar for defense Kliment Voroshilov 1937

both Voroshilov ANBU Yanni were close associates of Stalin's if they had framed took a chef's key together they would not discuss the investigation in the manner they do also if accused

Primakov was framed he would probably not insist that he was not currently a member of a terrorist group but instead a military conspiratorial one as both are equally illegal on top of that

prymakova admits to being part of a terrorist group previously just not currently this lends credibility to his testimony both the investigative materials and boot Yanni's letter will

never intended for publication and didn't come out until decades later so lying in them would be pointless in this connection the fernika report should be

mentioned it was a report compiled by a cruise ship era Commission whose goal was to gather materials that could be used to disprove the guilt of Tukhachevsky to prove that Stalin had

framed him unfortunately for Khrushchev the Commission failed to find such evidence but instead it found further evidence of Tukhachevsky skills among some of the materials discussed in the

sonic report is a telegram from a Japanese military attache to his superior in Japan testifying to a secret contact with a representative of marshal Tukhachevsky corroborating the Moscow

trial testimony the furnish report went unpublished at the time as it didn't achieve what Khrushchev wanted it to the notion that there could have been a military conspiracy is deemed

unbelievable by trotskyists and anti-communists they dismiss evidence against Tukhachevsky and say his testimony cannot be trusted I will point out the case of general Vlasov who

defected from the Red Army to the German side in 1941 saying he wanted to quote build a new Russia without Bolsheviks or capitalists kind of quote this is

similar to Tukhachevsky rhetoric philosophy was never arrested by the Soviets and gave the testimony of his own volition from the safety of the West another such example was Tokarev who

defected to the British the case followed Tukhachevsky is still classified the last person known to have read it is Colonel Viktor al qasas relative of one of the people involved in the trial

he said quote my grandfather and Tukhachevsky were friends and grandfather was on the Judicial Panel that judged both took HF ski and I demand my interest in this case became

even stronger after the well-known publications of procurer Victor of who wrote that yak of alkis Nez was very active at the trial harassed the accused but in the trial transcript

everything was just the opposite grandfather only asked two or three questions during the entire trial but the strangest thing is the behavior of the accused newspaper accounts claimed

that all the defendants denied their guilt completely but according to the transcript they fully admitted their guilt I realized that an admission of guilt itself can be the result of

torture but in the transcript it was something else entirely a huge amount of detail long dialogues accusations of one another a mass of precision it is simply

impossible to stage-managed something like this I know nothing about the nature of the conspiracy but of the fact that there really did exist a conspiracy within the Red Army and that took a Chiefs key participated in it I'm

completely convinced today Colonel Alka sneeze element 8 mm from a further interview of Alka sneeze by

Vladimir Bob Roth Alka sneeze I turned the pages of the transcripts and had more questions than answers I came away with the impression that obviously there

had really been a conspiracy but this is what struck me in the transcripts there are parts which attest to the sincerity of what the defendant said no matter who claims the trial was an organised show

that they worked on the defendant especially so that they would have given necessary confessions imagine this let's say took HF skis telling about a meeting

with the German military attache in a dojo near Moscow and at that moment Primakov interrupts him and says Michal Nikolayevich you are mistaken this meeting did not take place in your

office at the dacha but it was on the veranda I think it would have been impossible to direct things such that Tukhachevsky said precisely that and that Primakov would then make a

correction like that Bob Roth very well but was there anything that made you think that the trial had been scripted and directed anyway alkis Nez no it would have been

impossible to script and direct a trial such as that in the transcript Bob Roth that is you wish to state that having read the transcript you did not find in

it any traces of any kind of staging Alice Nez yes yes on top of that all of them confessed and when they all admitted guilt in their last words

stating that they had been participating in the conspiracy and knowing that after that execution awaited them it is just impossible to imagine that they forced them all to make such admissions and

declarations Bob Roth what was the main point of accusation of the conspirators Alex Nez everything was there espionage

preparation for a military coup sabotage wrecking Bob Roth and what does espionage mean you were talking about

the meeting at the dacha Alex Nez yes yes with the German military attache they were talking about arranging coordination with the German military

contacts were going on with them Bob Roth one last question in your interview with element D you talked about some kind of cannon that might shoot at our

own times from back in the 30s what did you have in mind Alex Nez if an objective research project on the events of those years were to be done free of ideological

dogmas then a great deal could change in our attitude towards those years and towards the personalities of that epoch and that would be a bomb that would cause some problems during the last

years of his life long after the organization Molotov spoke about this issue in an interview with Felix UF published in 1993 as Molotov remembers

the Khrushchev government had made these Stalin ization official policy similarly in the garbage of years it was political suicide to oppose the anti Stalin line however Molotov did so anyway he

testified to the accuracy of the trial findings quote the right-wing already had a channel to Hitler even before this Trotsky was definite connected to him that's beyond any doubt

many of the ranking military officers were also involved that goes without saying quote Chu F he Tukhachevsky was

accused of being a German agent Molotov he hurried with plans for a coup both Christine ski and rosengold testified to that it makes sense he feared he was at

the point of being arrested and could no longer put things off and there was no one else he could rely on except the Germans this sequence of events is plausible I consider a Tukhachevsky and

most dangerous conspirator in the military who was called only at the last minute had he not been apprehended the consequences could have been catastrophic he was most popular in the army

did everyone who was charged or executed take part in the conspiracy hatch patorichev tsuki some were certainly involved but as to whether to Tkachev ski and his group in the military were

connected with trotskyists and rightists and were preparing a coup there is no doubt Molotov remembers is it really likely that Molotov was lying for what possible

reason to defend himself surely not these kinds of statements not only went against the Western narrative but also the Gorbachev government's narrative some will portray

Molotov as a careerist a hopeless yes-man who agreed to all of Stalin's proposals merely to stay in power but here he was attesting to the correctness of their policies even though he had

nothing to gain from doing so quite the opposite obviously he must have believed he was telling the truth and he chose to tell it even if it meant trouble for him

Choi F also interviewed Kaganovich and it was published in 1992 Kaganovich corroborated molotov statement here is what he said quote perhaps there was

miss reporting in the organs of the NKVD Kaganovich exactly this is what I would like to tell you was it possible to check every detail this was indeed a

most complicated question where we were sure of a person's innocence we defended him in fact I also went by this principle it was only 20 years after the

Revolution after all the white officers kulaks and the NIP men were all alive Sharath do you think that there could have been a counter revolutionary

sabotage in the 1930s a Ghana which of course there was such a threat not only this there were also instances of terrorism the fifth column was at our doorstep without destroying them we could not

have won the war the Germans would have beaten us to pulp Felix jf thus Spoke kaganovich one other point is worth mentioning Tukhachevsky is guilt is

heavily implied by documents from the German Foreign Office discovered by historian Frederick Carsten in the 70s however Carsten himself as an anti-communist historian proposed a

theory that the documents were the result of an attempt by the SS to frame to pachowski presumably to weaken the USSR and to cause destabilization few

noteworthy things about this if he was framed by the SS it means the Soviets didn't deliberately frame him but merely wrongly believe him guilty Carstens findings disproved the notion

of Stalin framing Tukhachevsky some critics have claimed that the scarcity of documentary proof from the German archives of the Tukhachevsky conspiracy is proof that it wasn't real this is a

mistake in logic in any case even these few carsten documents only emerged in 1974 well after Hitler's regime had collapsed the scarcity of the German

documents proves very little and the documents we have argue in favor of the marshals guilt and yet even if one dismisses all the Soviet evidence and then dismisses the German evidence we

still have compatible and corroborated evidence from Japan Czechoslovakia and other sources collaboration with fascism after the discovery

of the Trotskyite xenovia vibe plots nadezhda krupskaya Lenin's wife and old Bolshevik and revolutionary in her own right wrote about the subject quote

Trotsky is now standing on the path of organizing terrorist acts against Stalin Voroshilov and other members of the Politburo who are helping the masses to build socialism it is not a matter of

chance therefore that the unprincipled block of Kamenev and xenovia together with Trotsky have pushed them from one step to another into a deep abyss of an

unheard betrayal of Lenin's work the work of the masses the ideals of socialism Trotsky Zinoviev Kamenev and their entire band of killers acted together with the German fascists

entered into a pact with the Gestapo krupskaya why is the second international defending Trotsky these were grave charges indeed Trotsky from

his side entirely denied all of them after the Second World War the leader of the Finnish communists owq Zenon said quote the ruling circles of the

imperialist countries didn't limit themselves to ideological struggle against socialism alongside it they engaged in provocation attacks against the Soviet Union and organized

treacherous sabotage and wrecking activity which was carried out in the production facilities of the soviet union by bourgeois experts Trotskyites xenovia lights hikari knights and

nationalists end of quote the diary of gurgi dimitrov supporter of stalin and the head of the Comintern after 1935 was

published in 2003 dmitrov met with Stalin Molotov Kaganovich warashi Loeb and organic aides in the Kremlin regarding among other things the

interrogation of the accused circling of quote 16th December 1936 with quote unquote the five in the Kremlin Stalin Molotov

Khurana which Verrocchio of organic it's exchange of opinions of Chinese events the French question interrogation of sekonic of 12 December 1936

question thus the investigation concludes that Trotsky abroad and the center the block within the USSR entered into negotiations with the Hitler right and

Japanese governments with the following aims first to provoke a war by Germany and Japan against the USSR second to promote the defeat of the USSR in that

war and to take advantage of that defeat to achieve the transfer of power in the USSR to their government bloc third on behalf of the future Bloc government to

guarantee territorial and economic concessions to the Hitlerite and Japanese governments do you confirm this

reply yes I confirm it question do you admit that this activity by the bloc is tantamount to outright treason against

the motherland reply yes I admit it end of quote Ciccone cough was one of the people named in the mail receipts found by Getty in trotsky's archive so

we know he was part of trotsky's group his testimony verifies the fact that already came out in connection with Tukhachevsky this information was not used in the public trial and is now

available via a dmitrov diary the question is would Stalin dmitrov Voroshilov and others really have frames the koulikov we already know Ciccone

Cove was at least guilty of conspiring with Trotsky and the picture painted by dimitrov diary is that Stalin and others were genuinely curious about the proceedings of the NKVD investigation

Dimitrov diary was only made public in 2003 if he wanted to lie to cover for Stalin he would have done so publicly not in his personal diary that no one

ever saw until the collapse of the USSR as much of the material from the Soviet archives still remains classified we don't have too many documents such as that where Stalin and his associates

discussed these matters privately amongst themselves however we do have some in June 1937 on the eve of the Central Committee plenum Trotsky sent a

telegram to the Central Executive Committee the highest organ of the Soviet government in this telegram he urged the CEC to betray Stalin and to

support him the telegram says well policy is leading to complete collapse internal as well as external stop only salvation is radical turned

toward Soviet democracy beginning with open review of the last trials stopped along this road I offer complete support Trotsky this telegram didn't reach the cec

before being intercepted by the NKVD which handed it to Stalin upon reading it he wrote on it the following words quote ugly spy brazen spy of Hitler end

of quote Stalin then not only signed his name under it but gave it to Molotov Voroshilov Mikoyan and zarnov after reading the telegram they signed their

names in agreement with Stalin's assessment if Stalin and his collaborators Molotov Voroshilov etc truly were framing Trotsky then would

they really call Trotsky a spy of Hitler even when no one else was present this seems unlikely the telegram was never made public not to mention that Stalin's and his

associates comments on it were never made public the obvious explanation is that they truly believed Trotsky was in league with Hitler the authenticity of the telegram has been verified the

question is what was trotsky's plan it seems that he was preparing the stage for his return to power once the Soviet Union took heavy losses in a future war with Germany and the trotsky's

conspirators would cause Pro Trotsky rebellions among the troops even having Soviet marshal took a Chiefs key on their side the ousted political opposition consisting of Trotsky

Zinoviev Kamenev Smirnoff and others would take over they would make a peace with the foreign powers granting them heavy concessions get rid of Stalin and

his supporters the so called bureaucracy and implement what Trotsky considered Soviet democracy we also have for instance a written comment by Stalin criticizing the work

of the NKVD upon reading the interrogation report for the accused Yakov lives wife sokolovskaya according to the NKVD report sokolovskaya said to

the interrogators quote during the past five years Yakovlev has been undertaking activity participating in the underground anti-soviet organization that stood on

trotskyist positions end of quote - which Stalin remarked quote what's important is not lack of lives and sokolovskaya as past activity but their

activity and espionage work during the past year and the recent months of 1937 we also need to know why both of these scoundrels were going abroad almost

every year J Stalin once again if Stalin and the NKVD were framing yakovlev and sokolovskaya if they knew the accused were really innocent but being framed

would they behave like this Stalin sounds genuinely interested about the activities of the accused this comment by Stalin was never made public either

he was not acting for an audience they further document of Stalin's comments to the NKVD regarding Yakovlev contained the following handwritten points by

Stalin one did he know about very case service with the Czarist secret police to his opinion about mikhaylov from

Verona's and his participation in the CR or three his contact with Trotsky did he see him personally in 1935 or in 1934

for how did he want to use the mo PR whom in MO PR did he make use of five turn yak of left's wife he is a conspirator and she must tell us

everything ask her about Stas OVA Casanova and other friends acquaintances of hers end of quote CR org is short for

counter-revolutionary organization mo PR is the internal organisation for aid to revolutionaries a Soviet organization to aid communists in other countries

obviously Stalin believed the confessions of yakovlev were real and not framed Sacco Niko and yakovlev wives both confess to the crimes and were found guilty according

to Dimitrov diary Stalin had told him quote we shall probably arrest stava too turned out she's scum curse a nova is very closely involved with yakovlev

she's scum end of quote however neither stava nor curse anova were found guilty of crimes despite Stalin suspicions against them because

they were friends with the accused this tells us a couple of things firstly that the investigation didn't simply frame anyone that Stalin personally didn't like or thought suspicious they actually

looked at the evidence and let these people go even though Stalin personally thought they were suspicious secondly that Stalin obviously didn't frame the accused he believed yakovlev and circle negev

and their wives guilty of conspiracy he also suspected Kherson OVA and Stas OVA but the evidence didn't bear that out in the cases the latter too Trotsky and the Secession of Ukraine

immediately prior to the Nazi invasion of Poland Trotsky began arguing in favor of Ukrainian secession from the USSR and rebellion against the Soviet Union quote

to the totalitarian bureaucracy Soviet Ukraine became an administrative division of an economic unit and a military base of the USSR Kremlin's

attitude today is the same as it is towards all oppressed nationalities all colonies and semi colonies not a trace remains of the former confidence and

sympathy of the Western Ukrainian masses for the Kremlin only hopeless pacifist Blockheads are capable of thinking that the emancipation and unification of the Ukraine can be achieved by peaceful

diplomatic means since the latest murderous purge in the Ukraine in my opinion there can be at this present time only one slogan a United free

independent workers and peasants Soviet Ukraine Trotsky problem of Ukraine Trotsky called for a United Soviet Ukraine but realistically all the

communist forces in Ukraine supported Stalin while the opponents of Stalin were bourgeois nationalists and fascists what kind of sense does it make to call

for Ukraine to leave the USSR as Hitler was approaching its western border it would weaken the Soviet Union and Han Ukraine over to Hitler in his confession

in 1936 Tukhachevsky testified during the winter of 1935 1936 pietà cough told me that Trotsky had now asked us to ensure the defeat of the

USSR in a war even if this meant giving Ukraine to the Germans and the primorye to the Japanese in order to prepare USSR to defeat all forces both within the

USSR and outside the USSR would have to be made ready end of quote who Caron confirmed this quote in the summer of 1934 Radek told me that directions had been received from

Trotsky that Trotsky had already promised the Germans a number of territorial concessions including the Ukraine I objected to this I considered essential that he erratic should write

until Trotsky that he was going too far this point of view of Trotsky's was politically and tactically inexpedient okarin report of the court proceedings in the case of the anti-soviet block of

Rights and Trotskyites in his testimony Shirokov another member of the right opposition said quote first the German fascists promised to adopt a favorable

attitude towards Trotskyite xenovia by block and to support it if it comes to power either in the time of war or before war should it succeed in doing so but in return the fascists are to

receive the following compensation a general favorable attitude towards German interests and towards German government on all questions of international policy certain territorial

concessions would have to be made and these territorial concessions have been defined in particular mention was made of territorial concessions in a veiled form which were called quote not

resisting ukrainian national bourgeois forces in the events of their self-determination unquote Wyszynski what does that mean

Fiat akov it means in a veiled form what Radek spoke about here should the German set up their own Ukrainian government ruling the Ukraine not through their

German governor-general but perhaps through a hitman at any rate should the Germans quote-unquote self determine the Ukraine the Trotsky is de novia what block will not oppose it

end of quote this truly is what would most likely have happened if Ukraine's nationalist forces had seceded Ukraine would have become an ally or an outright

puppet regime of Nazi Germany the notion that this kind of Ukraine would be a free Soviet Ukraine is utterly laughable trotskyists pointed out that there

existed partisan anteye Stalin groups in Ukraine these groups in fact were of course Hitler white nationalists not leftists the fourth international actually supported the oun the

organization of Ukrainian nationalists which fought on the side of Hitler against the USSR they used Trotsky's writings to provide ideological justification for this they claimed that since the oun

had split between two factions the right wing led by Stepan Bandera and the supposed left wing led by Melnick they were justified in defending supposedly leftist melnik faction in

reality both the boundaries and the monarchists continued to collaborate with Hitler though had rivalries among each other Melnik was by no means a leftist having fought against the Soviet

revolutionaries already in the civil war and the Soviet Ukrainian war atrocities publication revolutionary history states the following quote to mention the

Ukrainian question is commonly met with the raising of the specters of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism and Nazi collaborators sadly such prejudices run

deep and have a tradition within Marxism as far back as Engels and Luxembourg with the rise of Stalinism things have worsened to such a scale that it is at times difficult to get a rational and

thoughtful discussion on the subject the Ukrainian question to quote Trotsky is being placed on the order of the day and this time with redoubled force end of quote

apparently it is Stalinism that has caused leftists to be suspicious when giving lip service to Nazi collaborators the trotskyists continued quote in the

split that occurred between the left and right of the oun in 1940 the left moved steadily to take on socialist politics injected into it by the working-class

end of quote they even go so far as to defend the UPA the military wing of the Nazi collaborating Melnik faction of the oun which carried out a policy of ethnic

cleansing against poles Jews and other minorities quote the UPA is accused of being fascistic for the reason that during the war it waged an armed

struggle against Russia and Stalinism the UPA remains one of the most unknown revolutionary movements in Soviet history deliberately portrayed by the Stalinists as collaborators

end of quote - these trotsky's the UPA is a legitimate revolutionary movement who are apparently only seen as fascistic because of alleged Stalinist propaganda this is truly cringe-worthy

reading in the context of the recent Ukrainian fascist coup these are the UPA supporters they are Nazis the Ukrainian militant neo-nazi group pravyy sektor

writes actor has even adopted the UPA flag as their official flag this is the result of trotsky's writings which state that anyone who opposes the Soviet Union with

even the slightest quasi leftist or quasi revolutionary rhetoric is legitimate and worthy of support from the trotskyists Trotsky consistently used propaganda which equated Stalin

with Hitler or saying that Stalin was worse than Hitler blaming Soviet Communism for Hitler and legitimizing opponents of the Soviet Union who in the case of Ukraine would

be un fascists in his article on Ukraine he employed an interesting propaganda tactic at first Trotsky seems to be criticizing Hitler but in fact he's only criticizing Stalin

putting all the blame on Stalin and saying that Hitler is only an outcome of Soviet crimes quote but for the rape of Soviet Ukraine but the Stalinist

bureaucracy there would be no Hitlerite Ukrainian policy Trotsky problem with Ukraine it is not at all surprising that Trotsky would make criticisms of Nazism

even as he was helping Hitler he was entirely willing to lie and do whatever it took to achieve his aims moreover in their substance his policies were not anti Hitler but anti Soviet and pro

Hitler of course Trotsky had no personal love for Hitler nor did Hitler like the Jew Trotsky but they were useful for each other as they shared a common enemy

analysis of trotsky's political propaganda quote Adolf Hitler read trotsky's autobiography as soon as it was

published hitler's biographer conrad hidin tells in der Fuehrer how the Nazi leader surprised a circle of his friends in 1930 by bursting into rapturous

praise of Trotsky's book brilliant cried Hitler waving Trotsky's my life at his followers I have learned a great deal and so can you Khan and sayers the great conspiracy

against Russia Trotsky's open political propaganda was naturally different from his clandestine conspiratorial activity however both were meant to serve the

same end topple the Soviet government led by Stalin tacit support for fascism anything that Trotsky said openly has to

be looked at with skepticism as he was a proven liar but we can learn some things from his statements for instance when he made a weak criticism of Nazism it is

obvious he was not being honest as he was collaborating with fascist himself still he was not a fascist and of course disliked fascism but still saw it as a

convenient ally against the bigger enemy Stalin's government for this reason even as he criticized fascism he emphasized how the Soviet Union was essentially as

bad or typically even worse than fascism and tried to put the blame for fascist crimes on the Soviet Union this would also help him seem like a genuine anti-fascist and not a

collaborator even though he was one what better plan to remove suspicion from himself than to accuse everyone else and claim to be the biggest anti-fascist of

all quote in the last period the Soviet bureaucracy has familiarized itself with many traits of victorious fascism

Trotsky on the eve of the Congress quote the Comintern bureaucracy together with social democracy is doing everything it possibly can to transform Europe in fact

the entire world into a fascist concentration camp Trotsky obviously this statement is baseless as the USSR was the biggest

enemy of fascism not only in words but also in actions fighting against fascist Franco in 1936 fascist Japan in 1938 and 39 and

in World War 2 and obviously it was Stalin's USSR that defeated Hitler's armies interestingly Trotsky here attacked social democracy too while he

would later attack Stalin for not supporting social democracy enough quote Hitler's victory arose by the despicable

and criminal policy of the Comintern no Stalin no victory for Hitler Stalinist Comintern as well as the Stalinist diplomacy assisted Hitler into the saddle from either side the Comintern

provided one of the most important conditions for the victory of fascism to overthrow Hitler it is necessary to finish with the Comintern workers learned to despise this bureaucratic

rabble Trotsky are there limits to the fall here Trotsky is demanding the destruction of the Communist international but discusses this as a leftist position he

says to overthrow Hitler he must destroy the Comintern this is a ridiculous statement as in reality to destroy the Comintern was to aid and unite with

Hitler and his anti Comintern Trotsky of course knew this these writings by him were merely a tactic to fool his supporters who would have never done so

otherwise into opposing Soviet socialism and aiding Hitler tacit support for terrorism when it comes to Trotsky statements

surrounding the Kira of murder we can notice a few basic components Trotsky essentially said Kirov got what he deserved he briefly stated he was opposed to

terrorism but obviously didn't condemn this murder in any strong words quite the opposite he voiced tacit support for it quote a terrorist act prepared

beforehand and committed by order of a definite organization is inconceivable unless there exists a political atmosphere favorable to it the hostility to the leaders in power must have been

widespread and must have assumed the sharpest form for a terrorist group to crystallize out within the ranks of the party Youth if discontent is spreading within the masses of the people which

isolated the bureaucracy as a whole if the youth feels itself that it is spurned oppressed and deprived of the chance for independent development the atmosphere for terroristic groupings is

created Trotsky on the kirov assassination Trotsky said in no uncertain terms that the Soviet government Kirov was serving was so oppressive its spawn resistance

from the workers he continued to insist that the murder was carried out by worker oppositionists whom Trotsky considered legitimate this is interesting as Trotsky would later after

his plot failed and his organization was crushed accused Stalin of orchestrating the murder of Kirov himself quote the reactionary bureaucracy must and will be overthrown the political

revolution in the USSR is inevitable Trotsky one might ask how this statement is to be interpreted in context with the assassinations

according to Trotsky Kirov was a Stalinist bureaucrat who even deserved to be killed quote the insane atrocities provoked by the bureaucratic

collectivization methods or the cowardly reprisals against the best elements of the proletarian vanguard have inevitably provoked exasperation hatred and a spirit of vengeance

this atmosphere generates a readiness among the youth to commit individual acts of terror Trotsky this kind of vitriol against the USSR seemed hardly any strong

condemnation of the terrorists quite the opposite he makes every excuse for the terrorists and is very understanding towards their plight under Soviet rule Trotsky says in no uncertain terms that

he saw the attack as a form of resistance by the oppressed citizens indeed by a resistance group the thing he didn't say of course is that he was

leading said group overt support for the overthrow of the Soviet Union quote the proletariat that made three revolutions will lift up its head one more time the

bureaucratic absurdity will try to resist the proletariat will find a big enough broom and we will help it Leon Trotsky Trotsky calls for an insurrection against the Soviet Union

but who were leading these interactions kulaks White's bourgeois nationalists and banderite Nazis he is quite clear this resistance work against the Soviet Union is to be

continued and is to be organized inside the USSR quote I cannot be for the USSR in general I'm for the working masses who created the USSR and against

the bureaucracy which has usurped the gains of the Revolution it remains the duty of a serious revolutionary to state quite frankly and openly Stalin is

preparing the defeat of the USSR Trotsky here Trotsky chooses a softer tone he claims to be helping the Soviet Union and that it is not him who is sabotaging

its defenses in favor of fascism but Stalin quote only the overthrow of the Bonapartist Kremlin clique can make possible the regeneration of the

military strength of the USSR the struggle against war imperialism and fascism demands a ruthless struggle against Stalinism splashed with crimes

whoever defends Stalinism directly or indirectly whoever keeps silent about its betrayals or exaggerates its military strength is the worst enemy of

the revolution or socialism of the oppressed peoples Trotsky whoever supports the Soviet government or the Communist international even indirectly

is according to Trotsky the worst enemy of socialism so Hitler in fact is better as he does not support either of those things

Trotsky embraces the company of Hitler quote I considered the main source of danger to the USSR in the present international situation to be Stalin and

the oligarchy headed by him an open struggle against them is inseparably connected for me with the defense of the USSR Trotsky apparently in Trotsky's mind and open

struggle against the Soviet government would strengthen its defenses obviously the main danger to the USSR was a foreign invasion invasion which Trotsky

was in fact supporting and even counting on Trotsky Japan and China wyszynski what did you and Trotsky say about your underground Trotskyite asks

Besson of he imposed on his followers working in the diplomatic field the task of adopting the line of sabotaging official agreements in order to stimulate the interests of the Germans

in unofficial agreements with opposition groups they will come to us yet said Trotsky referring to Hesse and Rosenberg he said that we must not be squeamish in

this matter and that we might be ensured real and important help from Hesse and Rosenberg he said we must not stop short at consenting to big sessions of

territory end of quote Radek as regards Japan we were told she must not only be given Sakhalin oil but we guaranteed oil

in the event of a war with the USA it was stated that no obstacles must be raised to the conquest of China by Japanese imperialism in the quote in their testimony some defendants

explained that on top of promising territorial concessions mainly in Ukraine to Germany Trotsky was also promising concessions to Japan access to

natural resources favorable trade and perhaps most importantly of all Trotsky would guarantee Japan freedom of activity in China and sabotage the Pro Stalin communist forces there on

Trotskyite sabotage activity in China Mao Zedong wrote quote in the central districts of Hebei the Trotsky is organized a partisan company on the

direct instructions of the Japanese headquarters and call it a second section of the 8th army in March the two battalions of this company organized a mutiny but these bandits were surrounded

by the Eighth Army and disarmed in the border regions such people are arrested by the peasant self-defense units which carry out a bitter struggle against traitors and spies Trotskyist agents are

being sent to the border regions where they systematically apply all methods in their sabotage work against the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the communist party mao zedong on the use of

Trotskyists as Japanese spies in China Ho Chi Minh also working with the Chinese Communist Party at the time wrote the past in my eyes and those of a good

number of comrades Trotskyism seemed a matter of a struggle between tendencies within the Chinese Communist Party that is why we hardly paid it any attention but a little before the outbreak of the

war more exactly since the end of the year 1936 and notably during the war the criminal propaganda of the Trotskyists opened their eyes the chinese Trotsky's

like the trotskyist of other countries do not represent a political group much less a political party they are nothing but a band of evildoers the running dogs

of Japanese fascism and of international fascism Ho Chi Minh Trotsky Spain and Italy quote Trotsky is the horror of fascism

Antonio Gramsci in his testimony accused Christine ski said Trotsky arrived in Marana Italy around the 10th of October together with set off for Trotsky the

questions which bothered us in Moscow were irrevocably settled and he himself proceeded to expound his instructions with regard to this he said that as since 1929 we had developed into an

organization of a conspiratorial type it was natural that the seizure of power could be consummated only by force end of quote Leon Trotsky visited the

Roman ruins near Naples Italy before proceeding to Denmark for a lecture tour the Cornell Daily Sun December 1932 as the Italian Communist leader Antonio

Gramsci rotted in Mussolini's prison Leon Trotsky was walking around quite freely after leaving Italy Trotsky travelled to Denmark to give a series of speeches it is interesting to

note that although he ostensibly called for the overthrow of the Soviet Union by the Soviet working class themselves he chose to give his speeches in English in other words his real objective was to

convince the Western audience these statements by Trotsky were widely published in the West's recordings were even made M Trotsky in Denmark lecture

broadcast to America barrier minor 30th November 1932 Trotsky knew his support among the Soviet workers was insignificant at the time this is the

main reason for him abandoning popular revolutionary struggle in favour of conspiracy he wrote one fights repression by means of anonymity and conspiracy loss of time is impermissible

Trotsky 1932 Trotsky sent his secretary Irving wolf to Spain on a mission to organize an uprising there the protoss hides an anti-soviet poem carried out an

insurrection known as the Barcelona May Day in 1937 as Franco Italian troops were marching against the Republicans the Trotsky's and their unwitting helpers stage a rebellion against

Republican forces the rebellion was a failure and the wolf was arrested by the Spanish police however this anti Republican uprising contributed to the victory of fascist

Franco backed by Mussolini and Hitler Industrial sabotage many of the Moscow trial defendants were accused of industrial sabotage to hinder the industrialization effort and

defensive capability of the Soviet Union even these charges are denied entirely by Western anti-communist however at the time there was little doubt that there

was much real sabotage going on John littlepage American engineer who worked between 1928 and 1937 in the minds of

Ural and Siberia he was chosen as a specialist for a commission which was to carry out inspections in the mining enterprises he described the extent of the sabotage

quote in 1928 I went into a power station at the Khobar gold mines I just happened to drop my hand on one of the main bearings of a large diesel engine as I walked by and felt something gritty

in the oil I had the engine stopped immediately and we removed from the oil reservoir about two pints of quartz and which could have only been placed there by design on

several other occasions in the new milling plants at Khobar we found sand in such such equipment as speed reducers which are entirely enclosed and can be

reached only by removing the handheld covers such petty industrial sabotage was and still is so common in all branches of Soviet industry that Russian

engineers can do a little about it I shall never forget the situation we found at khatallah here in the northern Urals was one of the most important copper properties in Russia consisting

of six mines a floatation concentrator and a smelter with blast and reverberatory furnaces in the spring of 1932 soon after my return to Moscow I was informed with the copper mines at

khatallah were in very bad condition production had fallen even lower than it was before I realised the mines in the previous year this report dumbfounded me I

couldn't understand how matters could have become so bad in this short a time when they have seemed to be going so well before I left I never followed the subtleties of political ideas and

maneuvers but I'm firmly convinced that Stalin and his associates were a long time getting around to the discovery that disgruntled communist revolutionaries were the most dangerous enemies

my experience confirms the official explanation which when it is stripped of a lot of high-flown and outlandish verbiage comes down to the simple assertion that outs among the communists

conspired to overthrow the ins and resorted to underground conspiracy and industrial sabotage John D little page in search of Soviet gold Fiat akov

explained in his testimony that when he was responsible for purchasing various mining equipment for the Soviet government he had used this under set of instructions as a way of embezzling

money for the use of the trotsky's block by buying equipment at too high a price from - specifically selected German companies Borsig and demag quote set off

said that only one thing was required of me that i should place as many orders as possible with two German firms Borsig and demag and that he said off would

arrange to receive the necessary sums from them Shirokov USA saw a report of court proceedings in the case of the anti-soviet Trotsky a sinner this too

was corroborated by little Paige who at the time had made a report to the committee led by P rakov that the firms were apparently trying to trick the Soviets into paying too much quote

Pyrrhic Ava's confession is a plausible explanation in my opinion of what was going on in Berlin in 1931 when my suspicions were aroused because the Russians working with Pierre akov tried

to induce me to approve the purchase of mine hoists which were not only too expensive but would have been useless in the mines for which they were intended John de littlepage in search of Soviet

gold John's got another American engineer working in the magnetic orsk steel complex wrote of his experiences in his book behind the Urals Scott

verified that there was much real sabotage in Magnitogorsk especially because of the use of bourgeois specialists and Kulak penal labor he

said quote white armies state employees from pre-war days businessmen of all kinds small landlords and kulaks all of these people had ample reason to hate

the Soviet power for it deprived them of something which they had had before besides being internally dangerous these men and women were potentially good material for clever foreign agents to

work with end of quote you