VARC1000 (Season 1) RC Lesson #1 How wrong answers are created

how do they set a reading competition question every time it happens right in reading comprehension you read the question you have these four answer choices

you eliminated two and then you are stuck between two answer choice and we are confused and one thing that frustrates us a lot is that whatever we try to do we always

get confused within two options we tend to believe that there are these two options which are close and one of them uh i'm not able to decide in even after looking at explanatory

answers sometimes people still not convinced as to why some answer is right and some answer is wrong and in this video lesson we're going to handle it head on we will

look at how they create a wrong answer choice now if you look at a question setter a question center are the reading component question for

the matter has got these three component component number one is a passage component number two is a question stem or the question and component number three

are these answer choices or options now component number one is written by someone else so there is there is i don't know let me call that person author

who kind of created the passage all our question setter is doing so we'll let's call him the uh and why i've

put him as an evil guy it's okay now all the questions that he is doing uh so pick the passage and this is his job and to create the question that's what he does

and we are the poor soul we are we are the we are the test takers trying to break his logic okay time to figure out which of the answer choices right or wrong

now when when you think how how does this gentleman create a question the first thing he wants to create a question stem so you could ask a question what is the main idea or which of the following author agrees

with or take a specific details and create the question stem once you create the question step the first thing that he thinks is let me create a correct answer okay i believe that this right answer

and the the biggest job that he has is to now create these wrong ones and when he creates a wrong one he's always thinking about

us you're always thinking and saying that i want to trap that guy i'm going to trap the test taker i want to trap you kind of a thing and and it is important

for us to understand how these wrong kinds of choices created if i know that how is there any technique images i created wrong as a choice

if i know that then maybe just maybe it will help me do reading comprehension better that's what we're going to do now there is a pre-session test

you are supposed to take before i attend this class i hope there was this one short passage which which is solved and i hope that you have the answer the answer is not mentioned there i'm going to reveal the answer to that question

this is the question on the screen answer that question is answer choice number d did you get it right i don't know if you marked a

b or c and those are wrong okay we'll try and find out why abc are wrong as we obviously need to understand why these correct but we also need to find out why abcd is wrong that's what we'll try

to do right now okay there is a statement that i mentioned here jijo has been teaching for the la for for the last 20 years true statement by the way

okay by the way i'm jijoh just in case you forgot so so let's say that if i have an answer choice which is a right answer choice let's say let's create a true statement

and you you you would say the true statement is something that is jijo's teaching experience is greater than five years oh that's a true statement

it's very clearly said that these are teaching for the last 20 years still teaching experience definitely greater than five years that's a true statement let me create a false statement something that is not true so let's say

that uh jijo's teaching experience is less than two years you would say ah that's false because that directly contradicts now

please do understand something that is not true is not necessarily false let me create a third statement let me probably pick another color let's take a

let me pick a blue color okay let's say that jijo is married

let's take that from here can you infer that now what do you call this fellow in maths i think that we call this cannot be determined so there is this one more thing

called uncertain things that are not certain we just call it uncertain please understand your wrong answer choices is not only those things that are false the wrong answer child choices

or also those things that are uncertain where i don't have enough information to say or to so say some something for certain your right answer choice is something

that must be true when i say something that is true and what i'm saying is that it must be something that is 100 days true now 100 percentage should be based on

the passage let's just read this passage a bit okay um in in the subsequent lesson we will look at how to read effectively but at this point in time let's just

read and understand what the passage is trying to tell us right it says i have often had an occasion to remark the fortitude with which women sustained the most overwhelming reverses of

fortune now the context here is reverses of fortune that's the context the discussion the context reverse of fortune and this talks about women sustaining

that oval universe of fortune and then goes on to say those disasters which break down the spirit of a man so it's also sake men break down

so what we know is that the context of the discussion is that there are this misfortune or reversal of fortune in the misfortune you know that there is women they sustain

and men break down all let's say that do not sustain let's let's let's just call that okay and if you look at the next part it says uh and prostrate him in the dust procedure does is very similar men not

sustaining okay they say seems to call forth all the energies of the softer sex and give such interpretivity and elevation to their character that at times approaches to sublimity so this part

seems to call for all screen energies so this is simply saying that women sustain so so far from information point of view what is given is women sustained men do not sustain during misfortune then it goes on to say

nothing can be more touching than to behold a soft tender female who had been all weakness independence and alive to every trivial roughness while treading the possible parts of

life okay suddenly rising in mental force to be the comforter and support of a husband and a misfortune comfort and support of a husband's comforts and support husband hunter

misfortune so these women comforts supports their husband or the misperch

and now i'm abiding with unstringing firmness the bitter blast of adversity yeah so this is basically the stories the story is that in the context of misfortune women support their husband

women sustain men do not sustain and women support and comforts their husband right let's keep this in mind actually what i'll do is i'll i'll write this on top here so what we

said that during misfortune how women sustain i hope you can read what i am writing men do not sustain

and we said women comforts that supports their husband okay that's that's basically the story now i have these

five statements one two three four five six actually sixteen so let us look at whether this is true whether this is false whether it is uncertain based on whatever the information that

we have here right true if it is under percentage true false if it is if it contradicts what is mentioned and nonsense if we have not enough information at all

so let's go statement by statement the first statement says women do not support their husband during times misfortune how can we say that i am sure that you and i would agree how can they say that women do not

support when it's very clearly mentioned that women support this particular statement is definitely false these false statements are actually very easy to pick if something content is very easy to pick the question center does not want to

give you an option like this this option is like one option where is definitely not the right answer choice the question center will not he can give but usually avoids giving

answer choices wrong answers which you can easily pick they do something else let's look at statement number two now the statement number two there stays women support their husband want to think of this and i'm sure

almost thinking maybe true it's mentioned plus please understand this this context here the context of discussion

is a context of misfortune please imagine like this all the situation that could have happened that could have happened the whole

discussion is about the situation of misfortune and when you say women support the husband that is kind of making a general statement

what if husband cheat will the woman support the husband what if the husband decided that he wants to go to thailand

on his own the women support the husband i don't know so you have this one which says women supporting the husband this particular choice

ladies and gentlemen is not true it is not true because all we know from the passage is the context of misfortune and the context is important what this anti-choice has done

is that it has taken the context and made it little broad and therefore this answer choice is an artist always uncertain yes and look at number three no

man can sustain the verse of fortune not even a single man oops it's not a little extreme yeah so the remember the passage i think starts by saying i have

often had an occasion to mark the first fortitude this is too extreme and and and usually extreme choices you can say is uncertain i don't know

for sure okay so this is not this is also an uncertain answer choice when you see things like most best

things like that extreme position should must something that is definitive always never these kind of words

very very forceful very negative or strongest weakest and so on and so forth these are usually not the right other choice

but mind you if the author has taken the position extreme position author has taken a position that every human being is idiot if author has taken such a position

then yes then i can draw the influence but usually in almost all the passages they don't take the position so whenever you see these words like most best should must always never immediately raise a red flag which means

that that on all probability will not be the right answer in this case this is an uncertainty choice right so we have something that is extreme let's look at statement number four women often well

that's a good word now that's a good word that's a good word women often the support the family during terms of misfortune so we have the context women often that's all that quantity is

there the problem is this word family what we know here is women supporting their husband now family is different from husband husband is a part of family but family may have other

members we need to have no clue about what happened to other member so ladies and gentlemen this is an alien to the whole discussion not mentioned because it is alien to the

discussion it is uncertain right now you might be thinking it's probably true but we want something that is definitely true something that is hundred percent certain

this is not 100 certain the passage does not give information about family perhaps it just gives information about women supporting their husband therefore ladies and gentlemen this answer choice is something that

is uncertain and let's look at statement number five today's women support their husband during times of misfortune okay we have we have uh we have that women which is good

supporting their husband during times of misfortune and you say that where did this come from today's women good woman where did that come from so that is taking

the whole whole uh narrowing the narrowing the context that is given today's women western woman indian woman not mentioned it's also uncertain and you have the sixth one husband

should be thankful to his wife during times of misfortune and you might be feeling that you should be thankful the author has not meant said what the husband or husband should

or should not do actually think about author's attitude towards women in this passage it's positive right although other authors attitude towards women in this passage you can probably think of an emoji which says he's pretty

positive that's what his attitude was author's attitude towards men is actually pretty neutral pretty neutral attitude towards men he he did not swear at them we do not

say that what are you doing lying down on the floor nothing like that be pretty neutral he is he did not make any value judgment here and this whole thing is a is a mismatch of the tone of the passage all the

author never suggested any of these things right this is also uncertain so what you see here is if we can look at this and say that the wrong answer choices

are are usually or the uncertain answer choices are things that abroad the things alien choices

not mentioned narrow choices and extreme choices and you can think of this as being there are only few things that questions that you can do to create a wrong answer choice

few things and usually it revolves around this that's it now let's go back and look at the passage and see which one is wrong as a choice and more importantly why is the wrong hands

choice and we have to kind of remember this particular part right during this fortune women sustained men do not sustain and the women comfort support the husband during that

time now the question is asking about the main idea right the first thing first thing is the fact that i have to look at a statement that is true that that's my most important thing the answer choice

must be true what you have to do now is whenever you look at a question there are three questions which are wrong and one question which is right so the probability of a question becoming right

is one fourth and probability of a question that is wrong is actually three fourth so it is more likely that the answer choice why am i saying question option sorry more likely that option is long than is

right so what you want to do when you whenever you read any answer choice whenever you read any answer choice what you actually want to do is assume it is wrong okay or find the flaw don't

don't select look to eliminate and if you feel that there is no flaw in the nun's choice you keep it on hold right that's all you do okay let's let's look at this

answer choice here and and what what i actually want to do when i evaluate answer choices uh i want to break this part so let's say women are courageous in times of fortune and we are

mispressing weaken different forces so you have part one part two and part three and and evaluate this obviously i am not asking to draw this line in while i'm just i'm just saying that look at this

in small small part and evaluate women are courageous in times of fortune and weak in times of misfortune did the author discuss this no this is not what the discussion of the passages

completely alien to the whole discussion women is courage uh courageous times of fortune and weak in times of misfortune not right so let's let's look at the second part the author believes

that the weakest of the females can be the source of strength when location calls for it okay let's look let's look at problems here you suddenly see weakest when you look at the word weakest and you know that that ladies

and gentlemen is an extreme as a choice you can you can eliminate that that straight how can i say it's weakest a is eliminated but actually there are more problems than answer choice if you

actually look at it for example one other problem and the choice is to say that women can be the source of strength when the occasion calls for it what occasion

the whole passage talks about misfortune as a context now this is very broad yeah that's also another problem you don't need the you just need one problem for it to be a problem as a choice

you don't need all the uh uh you don't need one or two just identify one and you say chuck it there's actually one more problem there in the ranch choice this one talks about women females can be the source of

strength and location calls for it now so saying for whom yeah for me for you for the president for the prime minister sources for whom the whole passage is very very clear is

that the source of strength for the husband that's broad right so anyway that's this con so you have this is this one

the author is amazed that the character of woman can be altered by your circumstances i'm not too sure about this author is amazed probably by the look of how he's written

the passage maybe he's amazed but definitely there the the problem is the word the character women's character change is it a good

word i'm not too sure women's character changes and he says women's character can be altered well that's not the problem with it with an answer choice altered altered

what do you mean altered altered can be the direction i can have a positive positive alteration i can also have a negative alteration that can go both sides right but the author was very clear come on

author was kind of positive anyways but there is very easy one to uh thing to look at which is this a buyer's circumstances now we look at something that is uh something that is mentioned here which

says buyer circumstances ladies and gentlemen that is too broad the context is definitely based on the context is a misfortune by the way

so you eliminated a b c answer is d if you actually check d and break it down you get everything how you see that occupant women often often as a good word provide

support and strength to their spouses their spouses means their husband in times of misfortune this statement is 100 is true now you might be thinking yes

that's a main idea this doesn't look like a main idea this is like one part of the whole paragraph i don't care all i care full force for sure is a can't be the answer

be can't be the answer c can't be the answer d is true if the answer choice d would have been the first answer choice what i've done is okay i don't find any problem in this i'll keep on keep it on hold and i will

evaluate the rest that's what you do so the learning ladies and gentlemen is that is that there are no setting as a closed answer choice

there are no clues on this choice just because answer choice feels close does not mean it is close you feeling it close does not mean it is close there are no answers to close energy choices

there is a right answer choice and there are wrong answer choice and and the key of identifying the wrong answer choice is your ability to deal with things that are uncertain

and i have given you a certain pointer i said i i given you the pointer of a beam strategy which is to say that either it can be broad it can be alien it can be narrow and it

can or can be extreme and the third thing that you look at is eliminate look to eliminate right as we go and solve more and more

question you keep me using this simple technique uh to evaluate that's a choice okay in the next lesson let's pick up a cat

question and see if this works see you then